Despite the fact that GDP seems people far from the economy, something outside your understanding, in fact, the calculation of GDP is performed quite simply.Of course, we can not say that this figure without flaws, because it does not account for many of the subjective factors of economic development, such as specialization in production, research intensity, etc.However, GDP, as an indicator calculated according to strict mathematical rules, can be accurately calculated, despite the enormity of the national economy.Comparison of different economies can also be done fairly accurately.One need only compare the GDP per capita in dollar terms.Moreover, all the methods for calculating GDP give the same result, which is very convenient to use this indicator in analytical calculations.
Total to date, there are three methods of determining GDP.The first method, a classic, is a simple addition of additional value created in the economy for a certain period.It should be noted that in the calculation of GDP does not take into account the cost of raw materials used in the production process.Otherwise, we would consider the cost of several times - for the first time as a finished product, the second time as part of the cost of the final product.Thus, GDP can be calculated by adding up the economic results of each economic entity.That is, the calculation takes into account only the cost that the company added, but not the full value of the product.
If you think this method is a bit confusing, you may want to look at other methods of calculating GDP.The so-called expenditure method now most commonly used by professionals in the field of macroeconomics.According to this method, the entire GDP of the country is divided into four main components: household spending, ieordinary consumers, the cost of companies, namely, investment, government spending and national economic relations with foreign countries.
In fact, it turns out quite a simple circuit.All that is not spent by households that invested enterprises, according to the public Keynes macroeconomic law.Add here still the state to collect taxes in the budget and for the account of performing public procurement, forming the additional demand.In an open ekonmoike additional demand is also formed zangranitsey if exports exceed imports, in the reverse situation, the demand, and hence GDP, by contrast, is reduced.Because of its simplicity and clarity, this equation is not only used for the calculation of GDP, but also in other more complex investigations.
Finally, the methods for calculating GDP closes the income method.This very rarely used method similar to the present expenditure by logic.All GDP divided between economic operators providing the factors of production, but in this case they are not considered the costs and revenues.Since costs are equal to revenues, the result will be the same.Thus, in this case it is necessary to lay down wages (income phys. Of persons), the profit (income), interest (income for the provision of capital) and rent (revenue for providing the land).
As you can see, the methods for calculating GDP and logic does not represent anything complex.GDP - that is all that has made the economy through joint efforts of all economic actors.Thus GDP includes revenue from speculative financial transactions, as they do not increase the actual production.In addition, the GDP does not include the operation of selling used items and donations of property.All these operations are only indicators of redistribution of previously recorded values.GDP also claims to be a reflection of the real development of the national economy, and today is the most appropriate for this indicator, although far from perfect.
