logged on government policy of Emperor greatly influenced by the revolt of the Decembrists.The main directions of domestic policy of Nicholas 1 largely accounted combat any manifestations of popular discontent.
Having started the reconstruction of the state management system, attached great importance to the emperor formed his own office.Founded by Alexander 1 for consideration of petitions, it has been greatly expanded new ruler.Thus, the internal policy of Nicholas 1 began with the establishment of the supreme body in the state administration.The Office was later divided into five branches.The secret police (Third Division) has acquired a special significance.He supervised it Count Benkendorf.
Internal policy of Nicholas 1, and also touched upon the legislation, regulation of which was entrusted to the Second Division of the Office, and then led them to MM Speransky.In 1830, the emperor was represented by a full 45-volume collection of all laws, published in the Russian Empire since 1649.After three years in Russia it was published 15-volume "Code of Laws".He was sent to all government agencies, as well as entered into the free market.The Emperor thought that now every man could be guided by the law in their activities.
in Russia during the reign of Nicholas 1 railroads were built.So, it was opened in 1837 the first (Tsarskoye Selo) between Petersburg and Tsarskoye Selo.Between Moscow and St. Petersburg the first railroad (Mykolaiv) appeared in 1851.
Internal policy of Nicholas 1, and touched the peasant question.Since his reign, the emperor not once thought about the liberation of the peasants.Later, however, he came to the conclusion that for Russia the abolition of serfdom can be a great evil.During the reign of the secret was established ten committees dealing with the serfs.Government decision was facilitated by the situation at the serfs.But most of all has been done to 9 million state peasants.
Internal policy of Nicholas 1 in the field of religion, the press and education were quite conservative.In 1826 government decree was passed censorship statute, which was strictly monitor compliance with ethical principles, as well as religious traditions.1828 was marked by the reform of the secondary and lower education.In 1832 Uvarov became minister of education.He owns the famous formula "Autocracy, Nationality and Orthodoxy", created in opposition to the revolutionary sentiments of the French, which were based on the principles of equality, liberty and fraternity.
leading role of the Russian Empire began to play in European affairs after the defeat of Napoleon's army.It should be noted that before the 50s of the 19th century Russian Empire maintained with all the countries of Europe at peace.However, in the south-east region on the border with the Ottoman Empire, the situation is gradually deteriorating.
In general, foreign and domestic policy of Nicholas 1, according to some historians, was not different successful conversions.By the end of his reign, the emperor had difficulty in the state government.Despite his unlimited power, he could not cope with the incompetence and corruption of officials.This bureaucracy is not dependent on the society, on top of the control was ineffective, despite the best efforts of the emperor.Of great importance were the king and military setbacks.After his death there was a question of overcoming the backwardness of the Russian Empire from the leading countries.This can be achieved only by means of renovating the country reforms.
