Among the categories of political science a central place occupied by the concept of political regime.Before considering the content of this category should make a reservation, without which clarify the essence of the political regime would be erroneous and scientifically unjustified.
fact that the political system is organically linked with the most important category of political science, as a political system.As part of everyday thinking, in journalism and other pseudo-scientific interpretations formed stereotypical understanding of the political regime as something that has clearly estimated.That is, if you talk about something positive in the political reality, for example, about the political system, which must be present to the reader (listener) positively, as a rule, in the context of the concept of use of the political system.
and a different approach when describing the political realities with a predetermined negative attitude, used the category of political regime.This view is completely wrong, it has nothing to do with the scientific approach to political analysis.The fact that modern political science deals with the political system in two ways.In one of them, the political system is a real-life implementation of the mechanism of power in one state or another, on one level or another.
in accordance with generally accepted features of the political system are classified, and one of the most common classification is the selection of a democratic type of political system, authoritarian and totalitarian.Throughout its existence, the political system may be in different states, that is, to be more democratic or authoritarian acquire the features of a totalitarian type.So, it is a specific state of the political system of a particular state in a particular historical period and characterizes category - political regime.However, it does not carry any load estimates, and only captures the state of the political system of a given society at a particular time.For example, we have long lived under the Soviet political system, which was virtually unchanged throughout its historical time.However, depending on who was in power, and which formed the political atmosphere in the society, we isolated mode "thaw" (Nikita Khrushchev, Stalin's regime, the regime of stagnation (Leonid Brezhnev), the mode of perestroika (Gorbachev).
Based on this approach, the regime acts as a derivative phenomenon of the political system is understood as a certain set of specific parameters of political, ideological, economic and social structures, ensuring the exercise of power in a given society at a given time.
Throughout the development of the modern political knowledge, formed adequately and, to some extent, a universal set of criteria, on which the classification of political regimes. However, a key principle in the classification of a particular regime is to understand that it reflects the characteristics of the political system, and therefore to it can and shouldsubject to the same types of selection methods, which are used in the labeling political systems.
main modern political regimes are classified on the basis of such criteria as a measure of the government, ways of recruiting power, the nature of interaction between the authorities and society, the properties of the prohibitions that exist in society, the role of ideology, style of political leadership, the role of parties, the placethe suppression of the power system and other.In accordance with these criteria, the most commonly accepted to divide political regimes on democratic, totalitarian and authoritarian.It should be borne in mind that there is virtually no political system that existed in the "pure form", ie, have the characteristics of a single type of regime.As a rule, all the existing political reality modes have an integrative character and combine the characteristics of different types.
