Certainly very many people know that the word itself - acetylene - linked to the concept of "vinegar".But the fact that acetylene today - it is the only substance that can burn without air access, and is widely used in the industry, knows not everyone.Acetylene dangerous stresses is also such a fact that, for example, its burning produces flame acid temperature to 3100 ° C.
first obtaining acetylene was carried out by Edmund Davy back in 1836.Devi worked on carbide conventional aqueous solution of potassium, there was a reaction equation which can be written as: k2c2 + C2H2 + 2H2O = 2KOH.The result was a gas, whose formula C2H2 and scientist who gave the name dvuuglerodisty hydrogen.
With the opening of the doctrine of the radicals Justus Liebig, one of the groups of atoms (radicals) and called acetyl, however, he saw a compound of formula S2N3.The substance is the same, which was Devi, it came to be regarded by chemists as a derivative of acetyl.Then, when the reception of acetylene was carried out by Frenchman Marselenom Berthelot in several ways, the substance got its name, which is used in chemistry to this day.Berthelot saw as the resulting compound molecule acetyl, which was taken from a hydrogen atom.Technologically, obtaining acetylene Berthelot is the next process.He missed a pair of heated alcohols - ethanol and methanol - also heated up through the heat pipe.
Later, in 1862, acetylene was synthesized by an electrochemical reaction in which hydrogen is passed between the electrodes made of carbon.These technologies are at the time were very expensive and unproductive, and therefore could be considered only as a theoretical solution.Only at the very end of the last century it was invented a method which will lead to the more economical production of acetylene.This method is based on the ignition of a mixture consisting of quick lime and coal.This will lead to the use of the compound as a gas for street lighting.The fact that the gas which contains in its composition about 92.3% of carbon, at a high temperature, releases a tremendous amount of this substance as a solid.That they give a fairly bright light.The temperature of the combustion not only determines the brightness combustion, but its color.The higher the temperature - the more the color of light is a onetime carbon particles.Appeared warmers filled with acetylene, could give the world about fifteen times more than common when gas lamps.Even when they were replaced by electric lighting, used acetylene for lighting continued bicycle lamps and omnibuses.
As the industry needed an increasing number of such compounds as acetylene.Getting it on an industrial scale began only in the last century.As a result of this "breakthrough", the connection began to apply for technical needs.For the construction needs of acetylene carbide obtained by quenching with water.This product is very much known for its unpleasant odor because it contains impurities ammonia and hydrogen sulfide.Indeed, chemically pure substance has a weakly pronounced ethereal odor.It is lighter than air, the molecular weight of acetylene is 26.038.Gas is colorless, is readily soluble in many liquid solutions, the solubility determined by the temperature of the solution.
Modern technologies involve obtaining acetylene from methane by elektrokrekinga - a process in which the electrode is first passed methane gas at a temperature not lower than 1600 ° C.Then, to prevent decomposition of acetylene gas is subjected to rapid cooling.This method is effective in that a part of heat obtained by the combustion of matter may be directed to the display of the next reaction cycle, providing continuity of its course.
acetylene widely used in welding and cutting metals to produce a very bright white light, for the production of explosives.
