into space many small and large stars.And speaking about the inhabitants of the Earth, the star of the most important for them is the sun.It consists of 70% hydrogen and 28% helium, the share of metal less than 2%.
If not the sun may not be life on Earth.Our ancestors knew how much their life and the lives dependent on the heavenly body, worshiped and idolized him.Greeks named the sun Helios and the Romans called him Sol.
Sun has a huge impact on our lives.This is a huge stimulus to the study of how change occurs within this "fireball", and how these changes may affect us now and in the future.Numerous scientific studies give us a glimpse into the distant past of the planet.Sun 5 billion years.Through 4 billion years, it will shine much brighter than it is now.In addition to increasing the luminosity and size over billions of years, the sun changes and shorter intervals.
a period known as the solar cycle changes, at which point, there are minimum and maximum solar activity.Through observations over several decades found that the increase in light activity and the size of the Sun, which began in the distant past, still exists today.Over the last few cycles of light activity increased by about 0.1%.These changes, whether they are fast or gradual, definitely have a huge impact on the Earthlings.However, the mechanisms of this effect is not yet understood fully.
temperature of the sun in the center of the star is very high, about 14 billion degrees.At the core of the planet occur thermonuclear reactions, ie,hydrogen nuclear fission reaction pressure to thereby isolate one nucleus of helium and enormous amounts of energy.With the deepening of the inside temperature of the Sun is to grow rapidly.Identify it can only theoretically.
temperature in degrees of the Sun:
- temperature of the corona - 1500000 degrees;
- core temperature - 13.5 million degrees;
- Sun Celsius temperature on the surface - 5726 degrees.
huge number of scientists from different countries produce studies of the structure of the sun, trying to recreate the process of nuclear fusion in terrestrial laboratories.This is done with the aim to find out how the plasma behaves in the real world, to replicate these conditions on Earth.The sun, in fact, a huge natural laboratory.
solar atmosphere thickness of about 500 km is called the photosphere.Because of convection processes in the atmosphere heat fluxes from the lowest strata are moved into the photosphere.The sun revolves, but as Earth, Mars ... The sun is basically non-solid body.
Similar effects rotation of the Sun seen in the gas planets.Unlike the earth, the layers on the Sun have different speeds of rotation.Fastest equator rotates, the rotation is performed in one rotation in about 25 days.At a distance from the equator rotational speed decreases, and somewhere in the solar pole rotation takes about 36 days.The power of the sun is about 386 billion megawatts.Every second fraction of about 700 million tons of hydrogen are 695 million tons of helium and 5 million tons of energy in form of gamma rays.Due to the fact that the temperature of the sun is so high, the reaction is successful transition of hydrogen into helium.
sun also emits a low density stream of charged particles (mostly protons and electrons it).This stream is called the solar wind, which is distributed throughout the solar system at about 450 km / sec.Streams flowing continuously from the Sun into space, respectively, and towards the Earth.The solar wind carries a deadly threat to all life on our planet.Can have a dramatic impact on the earth from the power line surges, interference to the beautiful aurora.If our planet did not exist magnetic field, life would cease for a few seconds.The magnetic field creates an impenetrable barrier to fast charged particles of the solar wind.In the North Pole magnetic field is directed into the earth, because of what the accelerated particles of the solar wind penetrate much closer to the surface of our planet.Therefore, at the north pole, we are seeing the polar auroras.The solar wind can also cause danger of interacting with the Earth's magnetosphere.This phenomenon is called magnetic storms.Magnetic storms have a strong influence on people's health.Especially these reactions noticeable in elderly people.
solar wind - that's not all that can harm us sun.Most dangerous are solar flares, often occurring on the surface of the sun.Flash emit a huge amount of ultraviolet and X-ray radiation, which is directed toward the Earth.This radiation is fully capable to absorb the Earth's atmosphere, but they are a great danger to all objects in the cosmos.Emissions can be harmful artificial satellites, space stations and other equipment.Also, radiation adversely affects the health of astronauts working in space.
Since the advent of the Sun has used about half of the hydrogen in the core, and will continue to radiate even for 5 billion years, gradually increasing in size.After this period, the remaining hydrogen in the core will be fully exhausted.By this time the sun reaches its maximum size and increase in diameter about 3 times (compared with the current value).It will resemble a giant red ball of light.Some of the planets are located close to the Sun, it will be burned up in the atmosphere.These will enter Earth.By that time, mankind will have to find a new planet to inhabit.Then the temperature of the sun begins to fall, and cooled down, it will become over time in the "white dwarf."However, this is all it is very distant future ...
