ureter - a thin duct that connects the kidney and bladder through which urine is derived from the kidney to the bladder.Structure and function of the ureters ensure the normal operation of the urinary system.Each kidney has a ureter, which emerges from the renal pelvis and enters the bladder.The length of each of the ureter about 30 cm diameter ranges from 4 to 7 mm.The size of the ureter has a great significance in urolithiasis.Stones larger than 4 mm can not easily come out with a current in the urine bladder and lead to the development of renal colic.
ureter: the structure of the abdominal and pelvic
from the renal pelvis ureter is in a downward direction in the midst, and pelvis, where it enters the bladder wall probodaya it in an oblique direction.Each ureter distinguish an abdominal and pelvic part.The ventral part of the ureter is located in front psoas major muscle.Before the right ureter is descending part of the duodenum, and the vessels of the base of the mesentery of the small intestine.In front of the left is a duodenal-jejunal flexure, vascular bundle and the base of the mesentery of the sigmoid colon.
The pelvic part of the ureter passes in front of the iliac arteries and veins.The diameter of the ureter in this narrowed part.In men, it passes in front of the vas deferens and below the upper pole of the seminal vesicle empties into the bladder.The pelvic part of the ureter in females are surrounded by other bodies: the ureter passes on the edge of the uterine cervix and ovary, enters the bladder side of the vagina.
called intramural part of the ureter located within the bladder wall.
ureter: structure of wall
wall of the ureter, as well as renal pelvis with cups, consists of three layers: the outside - from the connective tissue, the interior covered inside transitional epithelium with mucous glands and medium consisting of two layers of muscle - longitudinaland circular.Musculature of the ureter is not related to the muscle layer of the bladder and prevents the reverse flow of urine from the bladder into the ureter.
In place of entering the ureter into the bladder in its wall is a layer of longitudinal muscles, closely associated with the muscle layer of the bladder.This layer prevents the active reverse has thrown urine into the ureter.The presence of this layer limits the spread of infection from the bladder into the ureter and into the kidney.
ureter: the structure of the lumen
lumen of the ureter has several restrictions:
- first restriction is in the transition area of the pelvis into the ureter;
- the second is located on the border between the abdominal and pelvic part;
- third narrowing can be in any part of the pelvis;
- fourth constriction located near the bladder wall.
presence of natural constrictions of the ureters is of great clinical significance.In these sections stuck rocks exiting the renal pelvis and with a current moving in a direction urine bladder.
the course of the ureter in addition to anatomical restrictions are narrowing physiological, which appear and disappear during peristalsis.
ureter: the structure of the blood supply and innervation
upper ureter receives blood from the branches extending from the kidney and testicular or ovarian arteries.The middle part is supplied with blood from the ureteral branches extending from the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries.The bottom part - from the vesical and middle rectal arteries.Outflow of blood takes place in the internal iliac and lumbar vein.
innervation of the ureter is carried out from the next few autonomic nerve plexus.The branches of the vagus nerve and the pelvic splanchnic nerve provides parasympathetic innervation.
