structure of the human respiratory system ensures its work in the body to provide gas exchange.Human respiratory system consists of the airways and respiratory department formed alveoli.Airways consist of the nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi.In them the air is heated, humidified, cleaned of dust.The respiratory department respiratory gas exchange occurs oxygen and carbon dioxide.Consider the structure of the human lung.
lungs are located in the chest and occupy a large part of it.Their surfaces, except for the portion of the root, is covered by the visceral pleura.Between sheets of the parietal and visceral pleura is closed pleural cavity.
through the roots can easily be connected to the main bronchus, blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves.
Segmental structure of the human lung
right lung consists of three lobes, the left - two.Each share is made up of segments.The latter are the structural and functional unit of the lungs.The segment is shaped like a pyramid, the apex directed to the root of the lung, and the base - to the pleura.The boundary between the segments is the connective tissue, where the intersegmental vessels.
The upper lobe of the right lung consists of apical, anterior and posterior segments, the average - from external and internal, bottom - from the back of the upper-medial, basal, anterior basal, lateral basal and posterior basal segments.
The upper lobe of the left lung apex united, rear, front, and nizhneyazychkovy Upper segments, lower - the upper posterior-medial basal, anterior basal, lateral basal and posterior basal.
in the left lung medial basal segment is unstable, and the apical and posterior have a common bronchus.
Bronchopulmonary segment is the anatomical, physiological and clinical unit, within which there is the development of the pathological process.
pulmonary arteries and veins form a system of pulmonary circulation, which is included in the structure of the human circulatory system.Starting a small circle of the pulmonary trunk, which comes out of the right ventricle and carries venous blood to the lungs.The alveoli of lungs gas exchange occurs, in which the blood is enriched with oxygen and gets via the pulmonary veins to the left atrium.Individual blood flow to the lungs and bronchi provided bronchial arteries and veins, external to the systemic circulation.
lymph flows away from the lungs through the lymphatic vessels to the root of the lung, passing on its way through the lymph nodes.A significant number of lymph nodes located near the main bronchi and trachea.
innervation bronchopulmonary apparatus at the expense of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
human lung structure and function of the respiratory system
anatomical structure of the human lung provides external breathing.It provides for the pulmonary ventilation and the diffusion of gases through the blood barrier.The general functioning of the respiratory, circulatory and cellular respiration form a single functional system, whose work is aimed at maintaining the normal course of metabolic processes in the body.
addition to respiratory function, to easily perform a variety of non-respiratory functions: metabolic, thermoregulatory, secretory, barrier, excretory.They are involved in many biochemical processes.For non-respiratory functions of the lungs also include anti-inflammatory and immune.
should carefully monitor the condition of the lungs and try to lead a healthy lifestyle.
