modern world is hard to imagine without the achievements of scientific and technological progress and development of civilization.Thanks to scientific discoveries people made available various types of energy that benefit humanity today.One of these breakthroughs was the invention of refrigeration unit in 1910, the French physicist Marcel Odifrenom.
principle of operation of the refrigerator based on the physical phenomenon of condensation and evaporation, which is expressed as follows: the heat pump refrigeration system transfers the heat energy from the working chamber to the outside, where it cools and is dissipated into the environment.The cooling gas which acts as freon, ammonia, sulfur hexafluoride, or performs the reverse process, in which is produced cold.
To achieve high performance cold required a large area of heating and cooling of the heat exchanger, so that you can create a high pressure.Modern refrigeration system is not always convenient, however here to achieve the required pressure compressors are used to compress and pump the refrigerant vapor, thereby increasing not only the pressure but also the temperature of the coolant.Thus, the principle of the refrigeration system is based on the basic laws of physics.
Refrigeration compressors are of the following types:
- screw;
- piston;
- centrifugal type.
The latter are the most effective and widely used in modern refrigeration systems for industrial use.In addition, in any refrigerator and freezer necessarily include a capacitor, which is designed to convert the vapor into the liquid due to changes in ambient temperature.
In general, the principle of the cooler is not only used to generate refrigeration for various purposes, but the freezing systems, since by adjusting the pressure in the system can obtain the desired temperature inside the chamber environment.When the compressor passes refrigerant under high pressure through a special orifice and enters the vaporization chamber, where the resulting sharp decrease fluid pressure instantaneously transformed into steam.In this physical phenomenon of the refrigerant due to its properties it takes heat from the walls of the evaporator, resulting in the gradual cooling of the internal chamber of the refrigeration unit.
principle of the refrigerator has been used for over 100 years, and every year there are more new and improved installation.One of the latest inventions in this field has been the emergence of the thermoelectric chiller, which uses the principle of Peltier.The effect is based on the occurrence of the temperature difference of the medium when a current flows, whereby it is possible to achieve reducing the temperature inside the refrigeration environment space.Despite the fact that the learned long enough opened the property of the electric current, until recently widespread such refrigerators not obtained.Usually they are used in automobile refrigerators, coolers and drinking water cooler bag, but because of the high cost of the thermoelectric cooling elements appointment until recently have not been sufficiently disseminated.
modern principle of the refrigerator allow the application of industrial refrigerating and freezing units in the food industry, as well as cold storage facilities and warehouses of products.It is difficult to overestimate the importance of the opening of the second law of thermodynamics, because without it would be impossible to implement all the activities of modern food processing plants.Thus, the principle of the refrigerator today laid the foundation of all modern cooling systems of both industrial and domestic purposes.
