dialectical method of cognition considers all phenomena and processes of interconnection, interdependence and development.Dialectics, as a science, initially emerged as the art of dispute: it is this phenomenon translated means the word "dialectics".The dialectical method of knowing the world was founded by Socrates, and was further its development through the Sophists.The dialectic as a method of knowledge and analysis of reality was proposed initially by Heraclitus (everybody knows his famous phrase "Everything flows, everything changes"), and subsequently developed by Zeno, Kant and other followers.But it is absolutely complete and perfect form of dialectics, Hegel gave it.Therefore, the dialectical method of knowledge in the form in which we know it, developed and presented by Hegel called the Hegelian dialectic.
In the words of Hegel's dialectical method of cognition is the "driving spirit of true knowledge" and based on the principle, making the contents of any science and the need for internal communication.
Hegel, developing the dialectical method of research, analyzed all the important and basic categories of philosophy, and formulated three basic laws of dialectics.
first law - a law of transition from quantity to quality and vice versa.This law describes and defines the mechanisms of self-development.In order to freely operate with the concept of "quality", "quantity" and "measure", Hegel gave them the determination and called the three forms of existence ideas.The quality of the founder of dialectics called inner certainty of an object or phenomenon, which generally characterizes the object or phenomenon.The qualitative variety of the phenomena of life and objects is their specificity, that makes it possible to distinguish one object (phenomenon) of each other, create a unique and distinctive features.
Hegel argued that the qualitative characteristics of any object is expressed by its properties and named properties of the object in a certain way combined the ability to interact and relate to other phenomena or objects.
Pointing to the transition from quantitative to qualitative characteristics, Hegel emphasized the reverse process: the transition of quality in quantity.Endless transitions from one to another does not deny the existence of certain properties of the objects or phenomena, but only indicate that at some point in time a particular property of an object can be replaced by another quality that means the emergence of a new measure - that is, the unity of quality and quantity.This conversion makes it possible to receive the new quality of the object, which in turn will lead to a transition to a new quantitative dimension.
second law of dialectics is called the law of unity and struggle of opposites (the law of interpenetration).Describing the second law of Hegel appeals to the concepts of "identity", "difference", "conflict", "contrast".Any phenomenon, according to Hegel, is the result of internal contradictions and denial of the parties and trends.Therefore, in the Hegelian dialectics, the parties are the opposites of a single entity, that are in the relationship and interdependence.
third law of dialectics refer to as "the negation of negation."He characterizes the overall result and the direction of evolution.The law is based on the rejection of the entire old when the new, a transition from one quality to another.But it must be kept threefold condition: overcoming the old, then the continuity of development, and finally, the approval of a new one.
On these three pillars - fundamental laws of dialectical method of cognition is based.
