method in the broad sense of the word is a system of specific methods or techniques that can be applied in any sphere of human life for the realization of its social activities.
For example, the methodology of science investigates the development of scientific knowledge and its structures, as well as a kind of justification of the results of these studies.In addition, the scope of the methodology of science is to study the mechanisms and forms of implementation of the acquired knowledge into practice.
Any method includes a complex system requirements, certain principles and requirements that determine the course of action to achieve the specific subject of a particular purpose.
classification methods of scientific knowledge is reduced to the concept of multilevel methodological knowledge, which includes the following main groups.
- philosophical method.This variety of methods is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge and the metaphysical.This is the most well-known, general methods of scientific knowledge.In addition to the above, the philosophical methods include analytical (characteristic of contemporary analytical philosophy), phenomenological, hermeneutic and intuitive.
- General scientific approaches and research methods.
- Special techniques (chastnonauchnogo) study.
- disciplinary methods of scientific knowledge.
- methods of interdisciplinary research.
classification methods of scientific knowledge in the context of the philosophical approach to the study of its basic laws, it often uses the dialectical approach to the problem.
Dialectics, in turn, is divided into three basic forms.The first is the ancient dialectic, called "spontaneous and naive" because its argument was extremely worldly experience.Known postulate the founder of ancient dialectics of Heraclitus, who asserted that "everything flows, everything changes."Another representative of this type of scientific knowledge was Plato in his understanding of the dialectic of art was to conduct a dialogue.Zeno tried to give a definition of a real contradiction in the logic of concepts.
also classification methods of scientific knowledge based on German classical dialectic as a philosophical method.This form of dialectics has been developed by Hegel, Kant, Schelling, Fichte - German philosophers who made an invaluable contribution to the development of this science.
materialist dialectics - the third kind of dialectic - is a system of views, categories, laws and principles laid down by the classics of Marxism.
dialectical method of scientific knowledge of the world argues that, since the real world is constantly in motion, develops, passes from one life form to another, all the concepts and categories related to this dynamics of the objective world, must be agile, flexible, reflecting the unity of theand fight opposing categories of the world, to be linked to most accurately reflect the reality.
Given that the classification methods of scientific knowledge relates to absolutely all spheres of human life, it is equally well applied in the social, economic and political spheres of human life.
to dialectical principles is, first of all, the phenomenon of historicism - that is, viewing the subject matter of his constant movement and development.The principle of comprehensiveness is a key consideration as dialectics.In addition, principles such as concrete, objectivity, the principle of contradiction, determinism and are fundamental to the basic principles of the dialectical method to explore the world and are used to study phenomena, events, objects in its entirety.
