method - is, above all, the way to anything, a way of social activities not only informative, but also in any other form.The concept of the methodology of science has two basic values:
- system certain techniques, operations and methods used in this or that sphere of activity (politics, science, art).
- theory method or the doctrine of the system.Thus, the methodology of science investigates the structure and development of scientific knowledge, methods and means of scientific research, ways to summarize the results and mechanisms of knowledge in practice.
It follows that the method - a set of specific methods, rules and standards of knowledge and exposure.This method of disciplining the search for truth, lets save significant time and effort to come closer to the cherished goal.The main function is to regulate the method of cognitive and other forms of activity.Any of the methods developed on the basis of theoretical assumptions, and its effectiveness has always caused substantial, fundamental and depth of the theory, which subsequently compressed in the method.
methodology of science exists and develops only in a complex dialectic of the objective and subjective.However, it is contemplated that any method is primarily an objective and meaningful, but nevertheless somewhat subjective.All scientific methods are divided into five main groups:
- philosophical method. most ancient of philosophical methods - dialectical and metaphysical.These can also include an analytical, phenomenological, intuitive methods.
- scientific methods. Such methods have found broad applications in the science of XX century, they represent a kind of methodology between the philosophical teachings and fundamental position of some special science.
- chastnonauchnogo methods are a set of principles and methods of cognition, as well as research methods and procedures used in some fields of science and the corresponding basic form of matter in motion.
- disciplinary methods systems include techniques that are used in a particular discipline emerging at the intersection of science, or related to the science itself.Any basic science includes a set of disciplines and distinctive methods.
- methods of interdisciplinary research .Is a series of synthetic, integrative methods that focus on the joints of scientific disciplines.
philosophy and methodology of science most often are the following research methods: observation, comparison and experiment, as a result of which there is an active intervention in the existing process.Among them are often isolated formalization, hypothetical-deductive and axiomatic method.
- Formalizing - this map is the general knowledge in the symbolic expression.It is created for the expression of ideas, with the possibility of exceptions to the ambiguous understanding.
- axiomatic method - it is a way of building a scientific theory based on certain starting positions from which all other statements appear logical way.
- hypothetical-deductive method - a way to study the theory, the essence of which is the formation of hypotheses, from which conclusions are drawn about the empirical facts.
logic and methodology of science widely used general logical techniques and methods of research, of which can be distinguished:
- analysis - mental or real division of the object into its component parts.
- Synthesis - combining objects together.
- abstraction - a process of abstraction from the relations and properties of the phenomenon under study, with the release of some important facilities.
- Idealisation - mental operation, associated with the formation of abstract objects.
- Induction - the movement of thought from isolated facts to the general.
- Deduction - Returns the process of cognition of the total experience to the individual facts.
- analogy - comparison and establishing of similarities between non-identical objects.
- Modeling - research method object by reproducing their characteristics to other objects.
methodology of science, as science itself - a purely historical phenomenon, so any methods and techniques of knowledge it is constantly being improved and developed, without losing its true essence.
