called typology of the scientific method, which divides the system object and groups using idealized (or generalized) model or type.In sociology, there are several typologies of society, but the most famous and recognized is the typology of the society D. Bell and typology of society A. Toffler.
Typology of society in sociology
Typology of society in sociology A. Toffler, based on the theory of "three waves".Scientists and researchers A.Tofler believed, developing, society has experienced three important radical transformation: the agrarian revolution, the industrial and technological.So, the first wave turned the nomads in sedentary cultivators.The second wave changed the social system with agricultural to industrial.But the third wave, proclaimed the era of the computer, and formed a new information society.
last wave, according to A. Toffler, may result in a continuous change of social relationships to the emergence sverhindustrialnogo society.
Thus, relying on his theory, A. Toffler makes the following typology of societies:
- traditional or agrarian society,
- capitalist, or industrial society,
- modern, or the information society.
and gives the following description of sorvremennomu (information) society.He believes that modern society is characterized by the following features: a willingness to constant development and change, a high level of social mobility, rationalism, based on knowledge, human behavior is governed by market relations, as well as the absence of any moral prohibitions and regulations, and more.
Typology of society in sociology Daniel Bell sees society in terms of the evolution of knowledge and technology.On this basis, D Bell singled out the following types of society to industrial, industrial and post-industrial.
and gives a description of the post industrial society.To do this, society features are the expansion of trade between states, "information explosion", ie. E. The value and role of information increases, as well as through the development of instant communications convergence, ie. E. The emergence of "global village."
Typology of Scientific Revolutions
The abrupt transition of the system into a new quality called revolution.Scientific revolutions tend to have a lot of different aspects.Problems typology of scientific revolutions is that it is necessary to identify and analyze all its aspects, to understand the role and influence of each of them for science.However, the identification and discovery of something always entails obtaining new data and knowledge, which in turn must be processed, in order to be joined to the science.One example is the discovery of the microscope in biology or a telescope in astronomy, which gave her the appearance of new and previously inaccessible knowledge of a revolution in science.
Scientific Revolution - is primarily a change in scientific knowledge at the root, t. E. The emergence of new knowledge, leading to a complete revolution in science.
There are 4 types of scientific revolutions on the following grounds:
- the emergence of new theoretical concepts;
- the emergence of new methods;
- the development of new methodological research;
- the identification of new research facilities.
There is a typology of research on other grounds:
- segments of the research (the appearance of the new method, the identification of a new world, and others.);
- breadth (a global revolution in a science or complex).
Thus, as the typology of scientific revolutions, and the typology of society in sociology based on a study of the object by partitioning and grouping on the basis of a generalized model.
