Categories ideal and the material used in the various sciences, not only in philosophy.However, materialism and idealism in philosophy is a major issue.The ratio of these two philosophical categories, the issue is complex, around which the debate continues.
concepts of materialism and idealism in philosophy has always been.Leibniz GV, a representative of German philosophy, wrote that the largest Epicurus was a materialist and idealist - Plato.
problem in philosophy as an ideal material scientists worried about the beginning of time.
While changing and updated views of materialism and idealism in philosophy do not have a static state.
in classical science has traditionally been the assignment of all natural material, ie. E. To the real and the ideal - the spiritual, the inner world of man, his consciousness.
Modern science believes that this distribution is quite limited, because the material is perfect, and two natural principles.
However, the classical definition, we know today was introduced by F. Schlegel representative of German classical philosophy of the 19th century.
materialism and idealism in philosophy are not the same in its manifestations on the basis of this, you can identify their various forms.
forms of materialism
Materialism Ancient Greece and Ancient East , in which objects of the real world of nature considered in itself, regardless of consciousness - it is, so-called, the initial form of materialism.The representatives of this philosophy can be attributed Democritus, Thales, Heraclitus and other
mechanistic (metaphysical) materialism , became widespread in Europe in modern times.At this time, regarded materialism starts from the perspective of nature.And all the materialism of the time is reduced to mechanical motion forms of matter.Representatives of this time, Galileo, John. Locke, Bacon and others.
forms of idealism
Like materialism, idealism has several forms, of which there are two main ones.
Objective idealism argues that spirit, the idea of God does not depend on matter, nor of human consciousness.Philosophers who thought so - Plato, Hegel, and F. Aquinas.
Subjective idealism is of the view that everything depends on the human mind, that is. E. Looks, how he sees his people.A good representative of this direction is J., Berkeley.
most extreme point of this area is reflected in the solipsism (from the Latin. Solus - one, the only, and ipse - himself).Philosophers of this direction think that is sure to assert the authenticity can be only of his "I" and their emotions.
forms of materialism
materialism of ancient Greece and the East, in which the objects of the real world of nature considered in itself, regardless of consciousness - it is, so-called, the initial form of materialism.The representatives of this philosophy can be attributed Democritus, Thales, Heraclitus and other
mechanistic (metaphysical) materialism, widely spread in Europe in modern times.At this time, regarded materialism starts from the perspective of nature.And all the materialism of the time is reduced to mechanical motion forms of matter.Representatives of this time, Galileo, John. Locke, Bacon and others.
dialectical materialism in the philosophy created by Marx and Engels, is based on the philosophy of Hegel.They believed that the most important in Hegel's philosophy is the assertion that the thinking and activity of people is not what whatever final.And the statement that the truth - this is not some kind of dogma, and the process of the historical path in the development of knowledge.
to the philosophy of dialectical materialism, there is nothing settled and permanent.Throughout bears the stamp of the annihilation and creation, in a constant and continuous movement from the bottom up, from the lowest to the highest.
Dialectical materialism took as a basis the category of Hegel's philosophy, however, completely rethought and changed the essence.If Hegel's philosophy spoke of the development of the Absolute Spirit, in dialectical materialism refers to the different processes that occur in the material and spiritual world.And under the idea it is understood not as a demiurge in Hegel, but a reflection of life and the world man.
