Scientific studies have used different methods, which are tools and techniques that can be used to obtain reliable data on the subject matter and use them in the future to remove the creation of scientific theories and practical recommendations.
Observation as a method of investigation is the most common and popular method of sociological and psychological studies.
Observation is a scientific method of research, which is not limited to a simple statement of facts, and explains why a particular scientific phenomenon.It is a purposeful collection of facts about the behavior and activities of people for further analysis.
Observation as a method of study has a number of requirements for the meeting requirements .These include the requirement to maintain conditions of passage studied natural phenomena, requiring a focused study and gradual fixation results.
In the process of monitoring should be followed developed for this program, which defines the goals and objectives of the study is determined by the object, the situation and the subject, select the way to the study of phenomena, set time limits observation and constitute a schedule chosen method of recording observations, defined treatments receiveddata.
In theory allocate such kinds of surveillance .For the duration of the - short-term (cut) and longityudnoge (long).Coverage - selective (there are separate parameters of phenomena and processes) and solid (records all changes to the object within the situation).According to the degree of participation of researchers - direct (direct involvement) and indirect (through attracting aids, equipment).
Observation as a method of study is divided into two categories: structured and unstructured observation.By structured is meant the included studies.It gives a very high-quality results.Particularly effective is the observation that if the investigated unaware of the experiment.
should also participant observation as a method of research, where the researcher is involved in the life of the study group, becoming a member, and watching processes occurring in it from the inside.
Depending on the subject: external (behavior, physiological changes, actions) or internal (thoughts, emotions, mental processes or states) are different variations of this method: introspection and objective observation.
Objective observation as a method of social research studies is a strategy in which the registered external characteristics or changes in the observed objects.This observation is often performs a preliminary step prior to the experiments.
method of introspection is used to obtain empirical data by monitoring them.Very often used this observation as a method of psychological research.The elements of this method are the basis of most psychological research states and processes.Comparing the results of introspection to the same self-observation of other people, you can set the family or to compare the data of inner experience with the manifestations of the mind externally.
the method of observation also include introspection, which was developed by W. Wundt within introspective psychology and phenomenological introspection.Introspection is a method of psychological self-examination is to monitor the progress of their own psychological processes without additional resources, standards and tools.
