Political science explores the political life of society, the stages of development of political thought, the history of political doctrines folding, political systems, attitudes and processes global political processes, political culture and consciousness.
Political science studies the relationship of politics with human life and society.The policy affects the daily lives of people in general and the fate of individuals.
Political science held at its formation three stages.
first period began in ancient times and continued until modern times.The first knowledge of the policy began to analyze and synthesize Plato, Aristotle in ancient Greece.Philosophers defined as public policy and public policy management.In Eastern countries the participation of citizens in politics was limited, so the works of the special administration of the state was not created.
Because of such a situation there were two points of view on the place of the individual in political relations.According to the first citizens should participate in the life of the state and control the bureaucracy.This is the approach of Western countries.On the second point of view of the common man should not seek to participate in political life.It is the prerogative of professionals.This is characteristic of the East.It was thought that under such circumstances the policy will not go on about the people.
Currently, the policy slightly different interpretation.It is defined as the activity of state administration, as well as the relationship between people and government.The policy also called the art of conquering the masses the ability to persuade.
second period folding science policy covers the new time and lasts until the middle of the XIX century.Of great importance for the formation of political science were the works of Machiavelli, Hobbes, Spinoza, Locke, Rousseau.During this period, the most important form of knowledge and understanding of the politics, government and the state.A landmark scientific thought was the work of Machiavelli "The Emperor", in which he raised the issue of the relationship between morality and politics.According to him, the policy should be beyond morality ("the end justifies the means").
third period of the development of scientific knowledge about the policy began with the end of the XIX century.Thus began the modern political science.At that time, political science emerged as an independent science.The participation of citizens in the political life of Europe has increased significantly with the introduction of elections.There is a need to manage the new processes.
In 1857, in America at Columbia University came 1st School of Policy Sciences.In 1949, on the initiative of UNESCO established the International Political Science Association.
At this time formulated as subject, object, scientific problems of political science.In most countries, this scientific discipline was included in the list of subjects to study in higher educational institutions.
Political science is related to many other sciences and academic disciplines: philosophy, law, sociology, economics, ethnography, history, psychology, geography and others.
Political science is developing in two directions - both theoretical knowledge and applied science focused onachieving practically significant results.Due to these methods used in political science, also divided into theoretical and practical.The list is quite extensive: general logical methods (analysis, induction, modeling, etc.), systematic method, the behaviorist approach, the sociological method, and others.
For example, comparative politics, being one of the areas of political science, as the main method usedcomparison method.It is engaged in the study of politics, comparing and contrasting the same type of phenomena that occur in different areas of political life (political parties, processes, relationships, institutions, regimes, political culture, etc.)
subject of politics - is the state, social groups (classeslayers), political organizations (parties, trade unions), political elite.
