Political sociology - a special branch of sociology that studies the different types of relationships between people in the political sphere with such institutions as the state, social movements, parties.
the basis of political life is the issue of power. Political sociology as a science can develop only in a democratic state , because it develops an ideology of civil liberties and human rights, exploring the mechanisms of power, investigates the processes of emergence of a certain social order.
Political culture is a mechanism that ensures the regulation of individual behavior in the political sphere.
The political process is characterized by a two-layer structure.On the one hand, it consists of official actions leading to the levers of power, on the other - from unofficial.In the structure of the policy release political relations, political norms, political organizations (in the form of the state, political parties, political formations) political culture.
Political sociology
In the West, political sociology as a separate social science established in the 30 - 50s of the 20th century.But the elements of a sociological approach to the manifestation of the political life existed in the scientific theories developed in the ancient East, ancient Greece and Rome, and then they were developed in the works of N. Machiavelli, Hobbes, C. L.Monteske, Zh.Bodena etc..
Many researchers are of the opinion that the founders of political sociology must be regarded as Karl Marx and Max Weber. Political sociology Weber central concept took power as the ability to impose its own will on all other participants in social relations, despite their resistance.
important in the formation of the theoretical foundations of science were unemployed Pareto, Sorokin, G. Mosca, T. Parsons, Duverger, R. Michels, H. Lasswell, and direction by application of Marxist Plekhanov, V.Lenin, Gramsci, Karl Kautsky and others.
In XX century.political sociology divided into a variety of approaches to the study of politics: the institutional (Bentley, J.. Brice), behaviorist (, K. Boulding, D. Waldo, Charles Merriam) postbihevioristsky (S. Dodd, Charles R. Mills), modeling (G. Almond, K. Deutsch, D. Is¬ton,), value (D. Lasswell, F. Brough, L. Hoffman).
In Russia, this science developed under the influence of Western scientists.However, in the development process has reached a very serious heights, often ahead of Western researchers.These results are explained by the exigencies of the social contradictions that exist in the Russian society.
significant contribution to the development of the domestic political sociology have Kavelin, Chicherin, AD Gradovsky, MM Kovalevsky, SA Muromtsev VI Sergeyevich, NMKorkunov, NI Kara, GF Shershenevich, BA Kistyakovsky.
The turning point in the development of Russian science associated with the work of Sorokin.He created a sociological doctrine, developed a program of empirical research.He wrote "Public sociology textbook", in which he cited methodological calculations significantly affect the further understanding of the subject of this science.
decisive contribution to the further development of science has made MJ Ostrogorsky.
subject political sociology is still a subject of scientific debate (it is called the essence of power, human rights and freedoms and social groups, and there are other opinions on this subject). object call it the political life of a developed civil society.
