Who is she?It is he whose speech delivered in public, has scheduled an impact on his audience.Such people are valued and the service, and friendship.However, a good storyteller - this is not necessarily a good speaker.Home it - just one of the kinds of public communication.Next, we consider the types of speech in various classifications and requirements for each of these species.This will help us answer the question of what should be a oratorical speech.
Types and functions of speech
1. Most Members
Depending on the number of participants to communicate (one or more) it can be monologue and dialogue.The dialogue is based on a "intonation - the main part - the ending."Replicas of its members are interrelated and derived from one another.This type of speech is characterized by spontaneity, because the reaction of the interlocutor is not exactly known.This is a fundamental difference from the monologue.Dialogue may serve the purposes of everyday communication, business meeting, etc.
Monologue can also be spontaneous, but can - and prepared.Addressed to the public monologue must be consistent, structured.At the same time, additional non-linguistic means of emphasizing the meaning of what was said, and attracting the attention of the listener (intonation, gestures, pauses).Types of speech (monologue) vary depending on its purpose: motivating, informational or persuasive.
2. In the direction
There are those kinds of speech, as the interior and exterior.External includes already briefly described above forms (dialogue and monologue, including writing).Inside it is a preparation for the activity, it is fragmented and, like foreign dialogic speech, situational, not prepared.Her feature - the fact that there is excluded the possibility of misunderstandings on the part of the interlocutor, and there is no need to use additional funds to strengthen what has been said.
There is also an intermediate form - is egocentric speech that is sufficiently detailed, addressed to himself and not designed for the reaction of others.It is often seen in children and even adults, if the situation requires careful consideration.
3. The form
This speaking and writing.If we are talking about oratorical speech, we are interested, of course, the oral form.
specifications and types of oratory
oratorical speech - it is an external form of the monologue, designed to influence the audience.In order to achieve its performance targets, it must be well prepared, drawing on reliable sources of information;be well-constructed, contain powerful arguments that appeal not only to logic, but also to the feelings of the audience.The content of the speech should be related to the situation.A special role is played by non-linguistic means, as mentioned above: appropriate use of pauses in speech, intonation allocation of significant parts, non-verbal cues: gestures, posture.
in oratory types of speech related to its functions, performance objectives.Thus, public communication can be:
1. Socio-political
This propaganda speech speech in Parliament, at rallies.They can be both rallying and explanatory nature, are based on facts and are generally impersonal.They contain the economic and political vocabulary.If it is a speech at the rally - even emotionally charged, conversational.
2. Academic
It lectures, reports and speeches at the conference.They are usually designed in a scientific style, but in order to achieve greater effect can occur and emotive lexicon.Reports and posts should be well structured and lectures - to follow the topic and keep the attention.
3. Judicial
It is defensive and accusatory speech.They must contain details of the investigation, the testimony of witnesses, and their goal - to prove (not) the defendant's guilt.
4. Socio-domestic
This festive, greeting and ritual speech, which describes the positive qualities of "hero for the day."
5. Spiritual
It sermons and speeches at religious meetings.
These are the main types of speech in oratory.Although not everyone can speak in public and must have the gift of eloquence and / or special training for successful performance need to know what requirements must comply with it, and build it in accordance with reason and the composition of the audience.
