creating an alternative weapon, comparable in its power with nuclear bombs, is among the most promising areas of the defense ministries of the advanced countries.High risks of ecological catastrophe forced to look for other principles of defeat, while carrying a massive destructive effect.Ideas thermobaric weapons and vacuum meet these parameters, because it does not involve the creation of radiation exposure.The first tests and even the use of volumetric bombs had already taken place in the middle of the last century, and today is actively working to improve them.Russian developers in recent years made considerable progress in this direction, allowing you to create an effective thermobaric weapons, not inferior to Western counterparts.
principle surround the explosion
To understand how a thermobaric bomb, you can study in detail its composition and chemical reactions that occur at the time of activation.Visually the result of the action of this weapon is not just "demonstrated" for domestic enterprises when exploding factories and mills with mines coal mining, processing raw sugar, and even in ordinary carpentry.In general, the technique of the explosion can be represented as an explosive ignition of accumulated dust, which flood the space.Moreover, a gas explosion in an apartment can be put on a par with such phenomena - and acts thermobaric bomb.Weapons of this type forms the aerosol cloud, which subsequently produces a lethal effect.
unlike nuclear weapons
Large-caliber ammunition for the action of the vacuum bomb power can be compared with nuclear warheads of tactical purpose.However, after the defeat of thermobaric bombs do not leave behind a radiation field.In addition, large volumes of explosive mixture which is used in vacuum bomb provide a high degree of negative pressure half-waves.For this indicator, nuclear weapons, the destruction of which is concentrated on the radiation effects, it loses thermobaric counterparts.
Besides the shock wave of the explosion in volume bombs there is a high level of burnout and oxygen.Such an explosion does not create a vacuum in the range of - this factor causes the ambiguous attitude of experts for positioning volumetric explosions as the vacuum.
potential power vacuum bombs
in its power vacuum bombs are not inferior to the advanced models and modifications of the traditional weapons of mass destruction.Warheads in such complexes are capable of forming shock waves, in which the index excess pressure is about 3000 kPa.If we talk about how the principle of vacuum bomb thermobaric different from that of peers, it is important to note the creation of virtually devoid of air protection after the explosion.Such a drop in pressure is able to break all that is in the midst of: buildings, equipment, facilities, people, and so on. D.
explosive filling
The warheads used in thermobaric bombs, solid components are used.They were replaced by gaseous substances, which provide a shock wave, which is several times greater than the explosion of a nuclear bomb, equipped with ultra-low charges.As the fuel filling the following substances:
- variety of combustible gases;
- evaporation of fuel products in the hydrocarbon-based;
- other substance capable of burning, crushed to a state of fine dust.
To activate the warhead is required in some cases and the air.Despite a number of advantages over nuclear bombs, is a powerful weapon does not require an equally serious commitment and effort to obtain the optimal composition.
principle detonation
created after the explosion of the gaseous filling of fire.The consumption of the components in times less than that required for blasting bombs similar capacity.When the battery reaches the desired height, the finished mixture is sprayed.At the time of acquisition of the optimum size of the gas cloud is performed activating the detonator.Then realized volume explosion that entails, and the shock wave.It is noteworthy that the second blow from the air flow exceeds the capacity of the first - this is already after the vacuum has been formed.
Factors defeat
damaging effects munition depends fireball formed during the explosion.When using the vacuum thermal weapons impact on the open countryside, usually it takes place directly on the target area with a lethal outcome (action burns) at a distance that is determined by the parameters of the fireball.In this respect, the explosion of a nuclear bomb is not as effective as provide less intense effect after the implementation (of course, not to mention the effect of radiation).The area on which the inevitable deadly injured by the shock wave, is generally greater than the radius of the thermal lesion.Nevertheless, it is quite natural, and reduce the effectiveness of the impact force in proportion to the distance from the epicenter.Reducing the pressure reduces and lethal lesions.
use in confined spaces
greatest efficiency vacuum bomb shows when space is limited.Strength of the shock wave, augmented defeat fireball, can overcome the corners and place where it is impossible to spread shrapnel.Personal protective equipment, various barriers and barricades, not to mention the walls may make an obstacle for traditional bombs, while the thermobaric weapon bypasses these barriers.Moreover, strength is enhanced when there is a reflection of the wave from the surface.Another thing is that the effect of lesions may vary depending on various factors.
Thus, in a limited space bomb devastating effect increases due to increasing pressure of the shock wave.Therefore, it is advisable to use such weapons in the defeat of bunkers, caves, fortifications and other closed facilities.
Aviation vacuum bombs
concept vacuum warheads currently showing the best results in the class bombs.In such devices expected next year: nasal region comprises a high-tech sensor, which serves for the activation and separation of the combustible mixture.The process of formation of an explosive cloud begins immediately after the reset of the electromagnetic device.Activated thus goes into the aerosol-air gas material, which subsequently blows preselected time.
Russian samples thermobaric weapons
Today thermobaric arsenal of Russian troops (except prototypes bombs) includes a rocket flame thrower "Bumblebee", grenades TBG-7 rocket complex system "Cornet", as well as missiles RShG-1.
deserves special attention heavy flamethrower system "Pinocchio."It is a blend tank and installation for conducting rocket launchers.The action implemented by the same principle of spraying and explosion of the combustible mixture formed in the process of which and shock waves.Although the activation of an explosive filling in this complex is incomparable with the potential possessed by thermobaric weapons with other combustible substances (3000 vs. 9000 m / s), the quality and the result is destruction to justify this shortcoming.By comparison with the analogues flame thrower system operates with a large radius and slower decays.
Filling "Pinocchio" includes liquid and light metals (a combination of propyl nitrate and magnesium powder).In flight, the projectile is mixed until homogeneous materials, which ultimately provides a gas-air mixture.
improvement of nuclear weapons
Despite the desire of the international community to take measures to control and reduce the total nuclear potential importance of these weapons are still relevant.
direction of future development is mainly focused on the neural impact, which affects living organisms.Also, experts are exploring the possibility of using gamma radiation, which eliminates the need for a process of nuclear fission.For example, of hafnium nuclei can be a powerful bomb, which in this case will have a miniature size.Such a high power potential is achieved by the fact that at the time of the explosion particles are in a high state - for comparison, the combat power of 1 gram of hafnium in the optimally charged state is equivalent to tens of kilograms of TNT.
The family of modern nuclear weapons include kinetic, X-ray and microwave laser systems.They also use nuclear pumping, extending the methods and extent of the lesion.
Remedies
development of nuclear capabilities in a number of countries, coupled with improved performance and increase their destructive action puts the need to create a more sophisticated defense systems.In this part of the work takes into account the principles on which to create new bombs, as well as the effects of the defeat.For example, it considered the use of the neutron flux and gamma parameters of the electromagnetic radiation.New tools are being developed serifs explosions, devices measuring and monitoring background radiation, deactivation methods and prevention of neuronal exposure.
At the same time do not stop working to improve the quality of collective and individual security.This especially applies to the protection against chemical weapons.Depending on the characteristics of poisonous substances produced by the methods of decontamination and post-processing area in order to preserve the ecological safety.High-tech deadly weapon poses more challenges.For example, there are problems in the organization of activities to ensure the safety of industrial complexes of high-precision weapons.In this regard, the main focus is on the masking objects, and minimize the possibility of their declassification.
Modern weapons
Currently there are different areas of military developments on the creation of fundamentally new approaches to fighting.These include acoustic, particle beam, laser weapons, as well as other concepts of high-tech devices capable of acting on the human body, breaking concrete and metal barriers.
Among the promising concepts can be noted acceleration deadly weapon, which is a special feature of the preparation of the particles by accelerating, which will expand the scope of its application.This is one of the projects is designed not only for use within the atmosphere, but also in space.The prototypes of such devices may be tested for commissioning in the coming years.
in the same category as necessary to carry precision weapons and electromagnetic weapons.Their operation is also aimed at specific sites usually Energy Complex opponent.However, they can be applied as a weapon against human pain causing effect.
Conclusion
last decades of nuclear weapons is seen as the worst of humanity.This is true, and only careful monitoring, along with measures of deterrence exclude even the theoretical possibility of global catastrophe as a result of its use.In this connection, a real instrument of power action becomes thermobaric weapons, which can rightly be considered the most powerful non-nuclear weapons.
concept of volumetric explosions is used in small arms, and by effective action in confined spaces becomes unbeatable assistant in special operations, the principles of which are constructed and tactical actions in modern conflicts.Of course, the new developments are not limited to the direction - neural, laser, electromagnetic and ultrasonic prototype weapons, of course, in the coming years will change the picture of the tactical actions on the battlefield.Russian military in terms of technological progress is not inferior to Western competitors, covering all areas of advanced and developing appropriate mechanisms to protect the new time.
