Improving the quality of maintenance of buildings and industrial complexes led to the widespread use of energy sources and related infrastructure.In modern enterprises function power systems require the greatest responsibility, as the slightest failure in power equipment may infringe the production processes.And this is only part of the risks that must be minimized at the stage of development of the project electricity system.No less significant issues of optimization of the infrastructure, as the costs of energy resources, tend to become the most expensive item in the budget in content businesses.
Purpose power systems
usually experts along with primary objectives of these systems emit their composition and characteristics.But the separation of these parameters will allow to better define the problem of electricity supplying components and systems.Their main purpose is to ensure that energy consumers.As the latter may be a small private sites, and large-scale enterprise of regional importance.By and large, the power supply system serves a binder between the source and receiver of energy.
structure and components
supply complex can be represented as a three-pillar system.This directly supply the distribution infrastructure and means for supplying electric power.For the relationship between the components of the device power supply system provides a wide range of equipment and auxiliary components:
- line (providing power transmission to the receivers);
- step-down substation (the primary energy conversion is carried out from its sources);
- distribution station (an important function of the energy distribution network to supply several consumers);
- converting plant (carry out preparation of electrical current for end-use);
- overhead lines and cables (coupling elements that form the network infrastructure of power supply);
- conductors (provided the final energy supply its receiver).
Species generators
Power Station is more designed for stand-alone power supply system of different types.This device, which includes a motor that generates current.Modern power plants operate on three types of fuel - a fuel, gas and diesel.
generators gasoline fuel is usually used as backup systems and rely on short periods of operation.Such stations are cheaper and easier to maintain, but the high cost of fuel is not allowed to use them in intensive conditions.More powerful diesel power system is beneficial for the maintenance of a low cost (20% compared with petrol analogues), but the equipment and installation cost more.Gas electricity found its place in the maintenance of large industrial projects - to the advantages of such an infrastructure include affordability and durability of fuel.
Design
In the process of creating a model of the future electricity system requires several steps, including - development plan Electricians, tracing, location and parameters of the equipment.The modern design of the systems includes the following activities:
- establishment plan placement of equipment;
- charting supply and distribution networks;
- selection of cables, calculated with respect to the work of their parameters;
- creation of a cable reporting;
- tracing wire;
- develop specifications;
- preparation of layout of wiring and associated equipment.
For most of the design operations specialists should determine electrical load and drive power calculation, which will serve for the broadcast and distribution of electricity among its receivers.Also taken into account the factors of demand and installed capacity.
choice of equipment
When the project is ready, go to the selection of experts of technical means, realizing the system power supply.Baseline data on which equipment is selected, gives the design power supply systems on the basis of calculations and conditions.The components of the complex will determine its durability and reliability.To date, the list of equipment for such purposes include cable and wire products, high-voltage equipment, explosion-proof electrical, lighting products, generators and power transformers installation, power electronics and various accessories.
Installation
This is the final stage in the creation of a complex power supply, which includes the assembly and installation of equipment.Installation is based on project data and characteristics of the enterprise - so, in the case of the implementation of the tasks on production facilities specialists allow for the possibility of a phased installation of individual components without having to stop the workflow.At this stage, performed automation of power systems by remote control, and special controllers.Then performed commissioning operations and make necessary amendments to the regulations of maintenance and operation.
management principles and operation
considering questions of operation of power supply systems, it is important to take into account the fact that serving energy sources and associated electrical equipment must produce as many resources as necessary to consumers.In other words, work stations and networks is calculated on the possible changes in the load receivers.Rational exploitation of power systems provide special training to air traffic control centers that will be able to accurately track the demand for electricity receivers.Based on these figures, the service selects the optimal number of generators in reducing loads or, on the contrary, the backup station starts with increasing needs for energy.
important to note that the quality of service depends on the power system performance, and security workflows in the enterprise.Disturbances in the power supply can cause accidents, delays on conveyors and other unpleasant situations and phenomena that result it is possible the emergence of victims and underproduction of manufactured products.
performance measures power
liability systems providing power energy companies, necessitates maintaining adequate indicators of their performance.In connection with this service supplying units based on the following principles:
- Ensuring the smooth running of generators, networks, and associated components supply.By the way, the reliability of power supply systems is one of the primary assessments of the quality, as well as maintainability with longevity.
- stability of the plan for electric power generation and its subsequent distribution to the coverage required by the consumer load peaks.
- Maintaining the quality of energy supplied to the receivers.It must meet the needs of electrical supply voltage and frequency.
to achieve optimum operating conditions, the power supply system is controlled by a supervisory console.The latter, in turn, provides the tools by which to exercise control, configuration, management, power plants, transmission lines and step-down substations.
modes
Any complex power supply provides personal protection in case of emergency situations.As a rule, relay protection system, which led to the division of modes of operation of power systems into three types: normal, emergency and disaster.The first mode is characterized by uninterrupted power energy.In such circumstances, the system works industrial power supplies sufficient resources and the required quality.In emergency mode, the normal operation of the system is broken and lasts until the moment when you turn it off or damaged components.Postemergency format power supply system continues until until restored normal operation of the whole complex.
Classifications electrical systems
There are several principles of separation of power systems that supply consumers with electricity.Depending on the source of the power supply system can be electrochemical, diesel-electric and nuclear power.Such complexes are different in configuration, for example, are centralized, decentralized and combined.No less important in the classification and characteristics of current, constant and variable.
Power supply systems used in different conditions and on different objects.In this regard should take into account their mobility (stationary, portable and transportable) and belonging to the consumer.But perhaps the most important division relates to the appointment.So, there are duty systems and emergency backup.Duty power supply system of the enterprise carries out its functions in a regular manner and, as a rule, is the main source of electricity.Back-up systems, on the contrary, often speak of the auxiliary power supply infrastructure - to replace the main complex.Emergency power supply typically allows for the most critical service objects for several hours or days.
autonomous power supply system
concept of autonomous systems is due to the need for insurance against possible power supply problems in the backbone networks, and other force majeure.Usually self-contained power supply system used in enterprises with the adjusted production process and the need for uninterrupted power supply.In essence, the electricity supply with independent control.Importantly, the autonomous power supply are durable, but it requires higher costs for installation and maintenance.On the other hand, such an approach is justified in view of the reliability and stability of energy supply.
