Mushrooms are of great importance for the ecosystem.In addition, they are involved in the cycle of matter, decomposing remains of plants and animals, fungi are a valuable nutrient and symbiotic organism, especially Basidiomycetes.
Mushrooms Red Book.General
Until recently microflora has not been studied, the fungus was given little importance, and strict accounting forms were not kept.In addition to the recognized biological classification, and other fungi are: Edible, Inedible, poisonous, medicinal, forest pests and crops and others.
Rare mushrooms Red book considers the "Plants".It included 17 species of fungi.
Grifola frondosa (fungus-ram tinder foliose) sparassis crispa (Mushroom kale) mutinus ravenelii, cortinarius purple, rogatik pistillate (rogatik claviform) Giropor Red (kashtanovik or Red Mushroom), aspen white, Phallus Duplicatus (Diktiofora double) Porfirovik lozhnoberezovikovy, mushroom umbrella girlish, strobilomyces strobilaceus, tinder branched (Grifola umbrella) Giropor bluish (bruise), blackberry staghorn (Gorizia coral) Reshetochnik red (Klatrus red), Amanita shishkoobrazny, mutinus caninus
basidiomycetes havespecial structures for the product of the dispute - basidium.As can be seen from the list, all the mushrooms included in the Red Book, are only one class - agaricomycetes.The list contains only higher fungi.
Below is presented a more detailed description of some species.
white boletus (Leccinum percandidum)
Refers to the Department of Basidiomycetes, the class agaricomycetes.
Even this fungus, entered in the Red Book, called Osinovik white.Similar to the common aspen red but has a white hat.
hat can reach a diameter of 25 cm, the stem is white, thickened to the bottom - clavate.The tubular layer is usually white, can be slightly yellowish.
Grows in aspen forests, mixed pine and spruce forests.
It can be seen in the CIS, especially in the Murmansk, Moscow and Leningrad regions of the Russian Federation.It is quite rare - the status of 3R.
Fruiting starts in mid-July and August.
is an edible mushroom with a delicious pulp, but it is worth remembering that the fungus is a Red Book, so you can not collect it.
mushroom umbrella maiden (Macrolepiota puellaris)
Refers to the Department of Basidiomycetes, the class agaricomycetes.
This fungus belongs to the family champignon, so it is edible.
hat thin whitish, up to 10 cm in diameter.The leg is very thin, but high - up to 16 cm.
This fungus grows on the edges of mixed forest and pine forest in July-September.Basically, it is growing one, rarely - groups.It can be found throughout Eurasia.It is quite rare - the status of 3R.
mutinus caninus (lat. Mutinus caninus)
basidiomycota Refers to the department, the class agaricomycetes.
Mushroom has an elongated shape with a mild hat.The length of the fruiting body is 18 cm, diameter 1.5 cm legs. When ripe mushroom top of his head torn, exposing pale pink tip.
rather rare mushroom - status 3R, grows in Europe and North America.It can be seen in the coniferous forest, mostly on a few pieces, rarely alone.He likes to grow on rotten snags, stumps rot, sawdust.
mushroom has a specific, not very pleasant smell that attracts insects.When the beetles or flies gnaw of the fungus - Gleb, it begins to decompose very quickly, within 3-4 days of Mutinusa nothing remains.
mushroom is edible, but only when he is not yet ripe - in the egg shell.
shishkoobrazny agaric (Amanita strobiliformis)
Even this fungus is called "Amanita pineal."
basidiomycota Refers to the department, the class agaricomycetes.
This type of mushroom has a white hat with a diameter of 18 cm, white leg height 15-20 cm.
on the territory of the CIS common in Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Estonia, Georgia, in Russia only in the Belgorod region.It can be found in the mixed forests with trees such as linden, beech, oak, asAmanita is their symbionts.
Fruiting begins in August and September.
These mushrooms are rare Red Book, asvery demanding environmental conditions (soil and temperature).
poisonous mushroom.
Phallus Duplicatus (Dictiophora duplicata)
Another name - Diktiofora double or setkonoska.
basidiomycota Refers to the department, the class agaricomycetes.
Mushroom something similar to mutinus caninus sinceIt belongs to the same genus - Veselka.
mild hat has a dark brown, dark gray color at full maturity.Fruit body is elongated to a diameter of 5 cm and its color changes depending on the period of ripening.
grows in well-drained soil with decaying wood alone, sometimes in groups.Setkonosku can be found in the Moscow region, Belarus, part of Ukraine.
Diktiofora is an edible mushroom, but only at a time when not yet emerged from the egg shell.It is used in folk medicine for a number of diseases.
As shown, mushrooms the Red Book can be not only edible but also unpalatable and toxic.
