value-added tax is required to pay for any enterprise engaged in the production, sale of goods, provision of services.In this article we will talk about tax rates, objects of taxation, the calculation of the VAT system and the importance of filing tax returns.
concept
VAT Value added tax indirect.He transferred to the state budget by the seller, but the output is paid by the consumer.VAT accounted for in the price of any goods and the buyer always pays last.
Components VAT
understand the essence of the VAT for the "pot" will be easier, if you look in terms of tax credits and liabilities, the difference between which is the actual amount of the payment to the state treasury:
- Tax Credit - is the amount forwhich can reduce the tax liability of the reporting period, as it has already been paid previously.
- tax liabilities - total amount of tax for the period.For example, the seller wants to sell the goods worth 10,000 USDa premium of 15%, that is 11,500 USDThe VAT rate for it - 20%, ie the tax is 2300 USD
Documentary registration of payments for goods and services is done by tax invoices.Apart from them there is another important document - the invoice, which is issued in two copies, one is for the seller, the other - for the buyer.If you purchase a product, you register your invoice book purchases, if sold, the sales ledger.
VAT calculation for the "dummies" is not difficult, if you keep all tax records.If you do not, misfiled or lost invoice from the seller, you are not eligible for the tax credit, which means that an overpayment of VAT, since you have nothing to deduct from the tax liability.
calculation
including VAT for the "Dummies" begins with the registration of invoices in book sales and book purchases.The difference between the tax liabilities and the total amount of the tax credit for the reporting period - a VAT payable.If you carefully keep accounting records, it is very simple to calculate VAT.For the "Dummies" wiring can be greater complexity, so should produce a professional recording, as on the basis of their final tax calculation takes place at the end of the reporting period.
rate of value added tax depends on the activity that is performed by the company, as well as its annual monetary turnover.We explain the calculation of VAT on the example of production and sales of women's dresses in the territory of the Russian Federation, for which the VAT is 18%.Manufacturer of fabrics and accessories purchased for the sum of 20,000 rubles., As well as the VAT paid 3600 rubles.He received an invoice, which is made in the book purchases.3600 rubles.- A tax credit in this case.
of the raw materials was made 10 dresses that will be implemented at the price of 3500 rubles.everyone, that is, the total mark-up on goods amounted to 15,000 rubles.The tax liability is calculated as follows: (3500 * 10) * 18/100 = 6300 rubles.The formula for the mandatory payment of VAT for the "teapot" is simple: tax liability is deducted from the tax credit.In our example, you must do the following: 6300-3600 = 2700 rub.The entrepreneur must pay the VAT in the amount of 2,700 rubles., Since 3600 rubles.he has already made, when acquired fabrics and accessories.
taxpayers and tax
Individual entrepreneurs, organizations and persons transporting goods across national borders, are VAT taxpayers.What is it for "Dummies"?This means that to find out whether you will pay tax on the value added, as follows: it is necessary to determine their status in accordance with the Tax Code of the country where your business is registered.
objects of taxation in the Russian Federation are the following operations:
- Sales of goods and services on the territory of the Russian Federation.They also include the transfer of property rights and collateral.
- Construction and installation works.
- transfer of goods, services or works for their own needs.When calculating the VAT "teapot" is worth considering that the cost of such operations is not deductible.
- Imports of goods into the territory of the Russian Federation.
tax rates in Russia
VAT for the "Dummies" (2014) - a rate 3: 0%, 10% and 18%, as determined by the kind of activity of the enterprise.Value-added tax of 0% is subject to implement the following goods, services or works:
- commitments by the Organization of pipeline transport of oil, natural gas.
- services international transport of goods.
- Provision of railway rolling stock.
- sales to that taken by the customs procedure of export.
Full list of taxable items is set out in Art.164 of the Tax Code.VAT of 10% is paid on the implementation of food:
- meat, poultry, seafood, fish;
- eggs;
- salt and sugar;
- grain cereals;
- pasta;
- dairy products;
- bakery products;
- vegetables;
- children and diabetics.
charged 10% of the implementation of children's products:
- clothing and footwear;
- beds and mattresses;
- diapers;
- wheelchairs;
- stationery.
Book production and educational issues related to science or culture, as well as periodicals are subject to VAT of 10%.It does not apply to printed products of erotic or advertising.Medical supplies: medicines and medical devices are also among the goods subject to VAT of 10%.
In all other cases, the applicable tax rate is 18%.When it comes to goods imported into the territory of the Russian Federation, they are subject to value added tax of 10% or 18%.
tax rates in Ukraine
VAT rates in Ukraine today are: 0%, 7% and 20%.0% VAT rate is applied in the following cases:
- operation export of goods from the territory of Ukraine under the customs regime of exports;
- the supply of goods for fueling ships territorial waters of other states, as well as the Ukrainian Navy ships;
- delivery of goods for refueling or detention of aircraft for international flights, or members of the Air Force of Ukraine;
- international carriage of passengers, baggage and cargo by different modes of transport.
complete list of the objects of taxation at the rate of 0% is set out in Art.195 Tax Code of Ukraine.Value added tax of 7% subject to medical supplies.In all other cases, a VAT rate of 20%.In Art.196 Tax Code of Ukraine are the transactions that are not subject to taxation.VAT for the "dummies" of 2013 and 2014 was not subject to significant legislative changes.In 2015, the base rate may be reduced to 17%.
taxes and reporting
Register of invoices is the basis for calculating the VAT payable.The tax credit and tax liabilities are carried out only in the presence of these documents.It is important that the invoice was properly issued, otherwise they are void.In Russia deduct VAT to the budget at the end of the reporting period - quarter, in Ukraine - a monthly basis.The taxpayer has 20 days for documents reflecting VAT.What is it for "dummies": a declaration that surrenders to the tax office.On its basis the cameral tax audit.
tax refunds
If the tax liability is less than the tax credit, the VAT refund carried out.A taxpayer claims the tax authority the amount recoverable, which is determined during the desk audit.If no violations, then after 7 days the tax authorities take a decision on compensation funds.Within 5 days after the decision is informed about it in writing to the taxpayer.The required amount of returns territorial body of the Federal Treasury during the week.
If during the desk audit revealed violations, it is drawn up, sent to the Chief of the tax department.He or his deputy shall decide on the availability of a tax offense and calling the taxpayer to the corresponding responsibility.It should be noted that the statement to the return amount can be reimbursed for repayment of arrears, debts and fines on federal taxes.
Rules filing VAT returns in the Russian Federation and Ukraine
At the end of each reporting period, the company registered with the tax office, shall VAT return.For the "Dummies" note that in Russia reporting period is the quarter, while in Ukraine - a month.Quarterly report for the period is used only in the event that the volume of taxable transactions for the past 12 months does not exceed 300 000 UAH.Within twenty days following the last day of the tax period, you must provide a declaration to the authorities.The payment of royalties in Ukraine should take place within thirty days after the close of the reporting period, and in Russia - for twenty.
Tax returns can be done in Ukraine personally by the taxpayer, transmitted electronically or sent by email as a valuable letter with mandatory notification.01.01.2014 In Russia, the VAT return can be submitted only in electronic form via telecommunication channels.Select the operator of electronic document can be at regional sites FTS.Since it is necessary to conclude an agreement to receive funds encryption and enhanced qualified electronic signature to be used for the certification of invoices and declarations.
Filling VAT returns must be in strict accordance with the form established by the date of its filing.
export VAT
Russian companies promoting their products abroad, have a benefit from the state - a 0% VAT rate, since the full amount of tax for any commodity always pays the final buyer (in this case - to foreign consumers, butthe treasury of his state).Export VAT for the "dummies": the company providing the goods or services abroad, may recover VAT paid earlier in the costs of raw materials, production, employment, since it is often greater than the VAT recorded in book sales.
For this exporting company should confirm the validity of the adoption of the zero VAT rate, the fact that export operation and validity of the recoverable amount of the tax.The tax authorities must provide the documents:
- VAT return;
- invoices and copies of invoices;
- contract with a foreign partner;
- customs declaration confirming the shipment of goods abroad;
- copies of documents confirming receipt of the goods in another country;
- application for a VAT refund.
After that, the tax authority conducting the desk audit and decide on the possibility of returning the amount claimed.If in the document will show up inaccuracies or errors, it is fraught with not only a refusal to refund the amount requested, but the accrual of fines.For a refund, it is important to comply with the terms and rules for submission of documents, as well as a timely response to requests of tax inspection, if necessary will be more information about the company.
VAT to the state
VAT is a tax that pays each.Seller always include it in the price of the product sold to recover their money, which he has already transferred to the budget.Thus, the VAT - a significant and permanent revenue to the state treasury.The zero VAT rate for export companies make attractive development of foreign economic relations, as it stimulates the flow of currency into the budget and stabilize the balance of payments.
system formation and payment of VAT is quite simple, for more on this can be found in the Tax Code.The article is written all about the VAT, for the "Dummies" this information is enough to understand the essence of the tax, as well as rules for its calculation, the contributions to the treasury and the establishment of appropriate documentation.
