Located on the picturesque banks of the Tom, Tomsk is in many ways a unique phenomenon.Founded back in 1604 the notorious Cossack Yermak Timofeyevich, for decades he was an ordinary provincial town, where exiled preparing for retired officials.However, the construction is the first in this part of Russia University dramatically changed the picture.In a short time the city became not only the capital of the Russian students, but also one of its research centers.
basic demographic characteristics of Tomsk
population of Tomsk, the number of which the last ten years, though not very rapidly, but the increase is a rather mixed picture.According to recent statistics, at the beginning of this year, the city is home to about 586,000 people.Compared with 2010, this figure increased by about forty thousand, but to say that there were no demographic problems in Tomsk not, of course, impossible.
Firstly, during the Soviet period, the growth rate of the urban population were so high that there were plans to turn one of the centers of Siberia in the cities.However, due to a significant change in the socio-economic situation in the country in general, these plans had yet to forget.
Secondly, the population of Tomsk growing exclusively due to migration.The town is very attractive for young people from many other Siberian regions, and developed industry attracts some good earnings of immigrants from the former Soviet republics.At the same time, birth rates in the Tomsk there are very serious problems.
sex and age structure of the population
population of the city of Tomsk, its age and sex structure is quite typical for a modern, medium-sized cities.However, there are a number of features that are derived from the fact that Tomsk is now - is, first of all, a city of students and scientists.
According to recent statistics, women in the city a little more than men - 53% against 47%.However, this superiority is formed mainly due to the high mortality of men aged 30-40 years.On the other hand, in most other Russian cities (especially large ones), this imbalance is even more pronounced.Probably an effect of the fact that Tomsk - it is quite an attractive place for young people.
Tomsk population is relatively young.Average age - slightly lower than the Russian average (36 versus 38).Thus citizens belonging to the category of "working population", the vast majority (nearly 66%).Juvenile and retirees about equally - 17%.These figures indicate that the city administration has managed to create in the village the necessary conditions to attract young professionals.
National composition
population of Tomsk, as well as many other Siberian cities, quite homogeneous in its ethnic composition.Almost 90% of registered residents here consider themselves to be Russian ethnicity.This fact is not surprising, if we recall that built and later developed the city mainly through the efforts of the Russian colonists in Central Russia.
The second largest ethnic group includes immigrants from Central Asia.The vast majority of them are Uzbeks and Kyrgyz, who have long been accustomed to the unusual climatic conditions for themselves and play an important role in areas such as retail and housing and communal services.
Among other nationalities can distinguish Tatar, Ukrainian and German Diaspora, as well as representatives of the Belarusian and Chuvash peoples.The appearance here of the ancestors of these people were connected with the policy of the Soviet leadership, which through the mandatory distribution is trying to create in every region of the RSFSR national conglomerates such here.
population of Tomsk: the separation of religious affiliation
Based on the national structure of the city, one can assume that the vast majority of Tomich - Orthodox, and indeed it is.The first church - Holy Trinity Church - was built by Cossacks-founders, and then before the October Revolution was built here are 31 Orthodox temple construction.Great attention was paid to the head of the local diocese of the missionary work, baptism local pagan tribes.
addition Orthodox Tomsk are other denominations.Thus, even before the revolution there was quite roomy Lutheran Church, which was restored in 2006.In addition, actively operate the Muslim and Jewish communities, as well as the Old Believers.All these religious groups coexist peacefully, no serious conflicts between them.
measures of social support Tomic
continues even in not very favorable period in Tomsk population growth is largely due to the policy pursued by the city and the region.Social support of the population of Tomsk includes the following specific activities:
- Payments war and labor veterans, home front workers, laureate of Lenin and State awards, pregnant women and nursing mothers, as well as some other categories.These payments are regular.
- compensation payments to certain groups of the population to pay for services of organizations related to the housing sector.
- Additional payments to families in which was born the second and subsequent child.Help
- most gifted students and young scientists.
With all these measures to support the population of the city of Tomsk shows good momentum of development.However, it is worth noting that the most attractive city looks in the eyes of young people, who appreciates the level of local education.But more mature people tend to leave here to find work appropriate to their qualifications.
main problems and prospects of development
Tomsk, unlike many other Siberian cities, in terms of demography looks very confident.To the question "How many people in Tomsk?" The local government almost always begins to produce statistical calculations, which show positive dynamics of this indicator.At the same time, and here there are regular problems.
Firstly, the population of Tomsk, which numbered almost completely determined by the migration is in a rather difficult situation.Tomsk - "dainty place" for young people, students and scientists.However, the city authorities should pay more attention to the retention of staff after the end of their training.
Second, does not contribute to the attractiveness of the city is very unfavorable environmental conditions around Tomsk.If earlier this factor into account virtually absent, but now he is playing a very important role for those who want to link their fate with that edge.
Finally, thirdly, the fate of Tomsk in many aspects linked to the fate of the whole of Siberia, and this is a matter for the federal leadership of the country.
