huge territory of the Russian Federation determines the appearance of the most ambitious and, at the same time promising ideas to develop the capacity of certain regions.Among the places where such initiatives can be implemented in large numbers - the Far East.Due to what benefits the region can dynamically build?What are the prospects of development of the Far East?
General characteristics ET
Far East region of Russia - an area important in the military-strategic aspect, and economically.The total area of the district - about 36% of the territory of the Russian Federation.Prospects for the development of the Far East associated with the presence here a huge amount of natural resources.However, the practice of development opportunities in the region is complicated by inadequate infrastructure, as well as migration.
Distance from Moscow's political and financial center of the Russian Federation, and is sometimes seen as a deterrent to the development of the Far East.Current Russian foreign policy concept involves strengthening the country's position in the Asia-Pacific region.The successful implementation of this task involves solving the mentioned problems specific to the Russian Far East, promoting the economic recovery of the RF subjects located here.Therefore, the state pays special attention to the region.
Competitive advantages of the Far East
Prospects for the development of the Far East are largely due to its competitive advantage over other parts of Russia.These include a direct proximity to large markets of the Asia-Pacific region - China, South Korea, Vietnam.The economy of these countries is growing steadily.The second most important competitive advantage enjoyed by the Far East (the prospects of development of the territory based on it may to a certain extent) - the presence of a large number of natural resources: coal, oil, gas, iron, non-ferrous metals, wood.Third, the competitive advantage of the region - in a variety of climates.It determines the potential for successful use of the Far East for the purpose of agricultural development.
factors of successful development of the region
Under what conditions the prospects of development of the Russian Far East can be realized?First of all, it requires substantial investment in infrastructure - transport, energy.The next important line of work - stimulating the development of business in order to increase the overall level of capitalization of the regional economic system, income growth and tax payments to the budget.The solution to this problem is adjacent to another important aspect of the activities of the state in the framework of the development opportunities of the Far East - the formation of a strong market demand in the region.
Another important direction of the government - increasing comfort of living of citizens to stop migrating to other parts of the Russian Federation and, conversely, to make the Far East appealing for the move of the other actors.
Toolkit state
What are the practical tools to implement the economic development prospects of the Far East, has the state?First of all, to those researchers reckon resources to form in the region special economic clusters are characterized by a high degree of investment attractiveness - particularly for foreign partners.The next tool that has the authorities - the possibility of a significant increase in income of the population working in the public sector, through the respective index of labor compensation.With this feature the state can encourage the growth of effective demand in the consumer markets and also enhance the attractiveness of the region for migration of citizens from other Russian regions.
considerable amount of financial resources by which the prospects of economic development of the Far East can be realized, concentrated in the hands of private business, aimed at constructive cooperation with the authorities.Matching the mood in this, as many analysts have become more visible due to the sanctions of Western countries against Russia.Businessmen from Russia, who do not have access to foreign markets due to artificial restrictions, somehow reconsidering sending their activities in favor of investing in the country.Far East can act for them attractive region in terms of the long-term financial investments.
international partnership in the Far East: Russia and China
interest to promote the development of the Far East, are already showing many foreign partners of Russia.Among the largest - of course, China.For example, in 2013 the amount - when there was no Western sanctions - trade between the Far East and China accounted for more than 12 billion. Dollars.Corresponding indicators have every chance of rapid growth, firstly, because of the natural economic reasons, to conclude in the development opportunities of the Far East, and secondly, due to the additional stimulus for the further growth of trade turnover between Russia and China due to Western sanctions.
is expected that in 2020 the trade turnover between Russia and China reached $ 200 billion.A significant percentage of it is likely to occur in the Far East project, which has a direct bearing on the famous pipeline "Power of Siberia."The one which will be built on the basis of the agreements of the Russian Federation and China, concluded in 2014.On what the prospects for the development of Siberia and the Far East opened in connection with the signing of the relevant agreement, in a nutshell it is impossible to say.But if you try - the most grandiose.
But so far will continue to the Far East.What other states have expressed readiness to cooperate with Russia in this area?
the Far East and South Korea
South Korea is also interested in the fact that together with Russia to explore opportunities offered by the Far East.Prospects of development of cooperation between Russia and South Korea are linked mainly to the industrial sphere.Trade turnover between the two countries in 2013 was comparable with the figures for the cooperation of the Far East and China, and amounted to about $ 5 billion.
noteworthy that for some projects to work in Russia also invited experts from North Korea.Perhaps it will be an additional factor of rapprochement between the two states, which are home to a single nation.
the Far East, and North Korea
Actually, the direct cooperation between Russia and North Korea are also actively developing.At the end of 2014 the trade turnover between the countries has shown modest figures - about 30 million dollars.But it is at the same time, 70% more than in 2013.About 25 representatives of companies from North Korea's presence in the Far East.The North Korean government has greatly simplified visa criteria for Russian entrepreneurs.
Far East and Japan
Japan has traditionally been a major trading partner of Russia.By virtue of geography in key regions including, where appropriate communications are implemented, - the Far East.Prospects for the development of Russian-Japanese trade partnership has great potential.True, their practical implementation is likely to be very difficult due to the fact that Japan has joined the Western sanctions.However, experts believe that the chances for normalization of cooperation between the two countries are, and they are not bad.
What other countries are actively cooperating Far East?Prospects for the development of partnerships, particularly with Vietnam and Singapore are estimated by experts as very positive.Thus, trade with the two countries in 2013 amounted to a total of about 300 million dollars.By the way, none of them does not show a public interest in following the line of the West towards Russia.Therefore, there is every chance of a further increase cooperation between Russia, Vietnam and Singapore in the Far East.In the future, perhaps in the region of the Russian Federation to establish a partnership and a number of other countries - India, Latin America, South Africa.
the Far East and the United States
world's largest economy is considered one of the leading initiators of sanctions against Russia, but before the relationship between Russia and Western countries on the international scene has deteriorated, prospects for cooperation between Russia and the United States in the Far East have seen a lot experts readily apparent.So was the American interest in the construction of industrial enterprises, infrastructure, homes, to invest in agriculture.Hard to say, as far as possible the resumption of cooperation between Russia and the United States in the region again.But many researchers believe that private US corporations - unlike, probably, the US government continues to treat Russia as a very reliable partner, including in terms of the implementation of promising initiatives in the Far East.
Far East and EAEC
Among the most significant and positive factors that can affect the development of the Far East - the integration of the economies of Russia and the EAEC countries: Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Armenia.
corresponding region of the partnership may involve the initiation of projects in various regions of the common economic space - including the Far East, despite the significant geographical remoteness of this part of the Russian Federation from allies.Businessmen from the EAEC countries, researchers believe, it can make the most significant contribution to the development of the economic system of the Russian region.
Government Program
Problems and prospects of development of the Far East being studied at the state level.As a result of years of work by the authorities it has developed a strategy of socio-economic development of the Far East and the Baikal region.This initiative was approved in December 2009.It has to be implemented until 2025.Investigate the problems and prospects of development of the Far East, the government has set a target - to generate in the region of the socio-economic system, capable of providing a high quality of life of citizens living in it.
total amount of investment that will be allocated to the program amounts to about 411 billion rubles.As a result of completion is calculated to create 69.9 thousand. Jobs in the region and to increase the volume of GDP in the corresponding part of the Russian Federation by 2.6 times, the volume of shipped goods - by 2.3 times, the total amount of investments - 3.5 times, the number ofCitizens belonging to the category of economically active population - 1.1 times.
Current challenges
What are the challenges facing the federal and local authorities in terms of socio-economic development of the Far East right now?
Among those:
- increasing the comfort of living of the population;
- incentives to increase the share of the middle class in the social structure of the population of the RF subjects, members of the Far Eastern Federal District and the Baikal region (income working person must be at least 6 living wages);
- the promotion of cadres, the introduction of new educational concepts;
- improving the investment attractiveness of the region;
- modernization of the energy system;
- the development of transport infrastructure;
- modernization of communication systems;
- encouraging entrepreneurial initiatives by reducing bureaucracy and removing the various restrictions;
- Promoting the efficiency of legislative processes;
- improving the environment.
course, the ongoing activities of the state task - to further develop the partnership with the Russian business, foreign governments and companies.
Thus, we examined the main problems and prospects of development of the Far East.This region has great natural resource and climatic potential is optimal in many aspects of the geopolitical situation.There are prospects for the development of transport in the Far East, the social infrastructure, manufacturing, agriculture and many other sectors of the economy.The interest in cooperation with companies in the region have expressed major economies adjacent to them - China, South Korea, Vietnam, Singapore.
Problems and prospects of economic development of the Far East are actively studied Russian and foreign researchers.Continuing the work on the further optimization of strategies for the development of unique opportunities in the region.This interest in a constructive partnership, based on the possibilities of opening the Far East, showing both private and governmental organizations - both Russian and foreign.The scale of companies wishing to be present in the region, is also very different - it can be as large businesses and small and medium-sized enterprises.
