Subject and object of activity - important categories in cognition.Incorrect reflected specificity of subject-object relations in a particular practice area application may lead to serious consequences for its members.The article delimited these concepts using specific examples.
From the history of the formation of the term
in the history of knowledge distinction of active and passive roles for participants laid a tradition since antiquity.Stakeholders - this ground, the active principle of any process.If we consider the term as derived from the Latin "subjectus" - underlying, some principle, possible to interpret this concept in quality constant active principle of any form of life: consciousness, nature and society.For Aristotle, the concept of the subject is used in the sense of primary substance, the absolute beginning of any movement and development.
only from the seventeenth century philosopher Rene Descartes introduced the contrast between the two began in knowledge.The subject - the one who knows the object - something that is directed activity.This epistemological field of meaning and is used at present.This is primarily categories of logic.
logic - the science of the consistency of thinking.And it's worth noting that innocent at first glance, thinking errors sometimes lead to tragic consequences.Failure to understand the role and importance of the subject in the global evolution in the forms of social life - great people astray.
What is the subject of activity
Let's consider the modern meaning of the term in different fields of application.
- philosophically stakeholders - is an individual actively learn about the reality (the object) and transforms it into a process of learning.
- In the sociological field the subject may act as a person, group, society, and humanity as a whole, that is, any member of the social interaction.
- In the legal sense, the subject is media relations, endowed with rights and responsibilities to other members of society.This can be a particular individual or entity.
- In psychology, the subject appears people carrier psychological characteristics and properties.
essence of the diversity in this environment is a common objective: the subject - the active principle of activities aimed at the object of knowledge and practical development of the surrounding reality.
object activity: what are the characteristics?
If the subject carries the active principle, the object is the subject of its activities.In the history of the knowledge of the active role of the man confessed, passive - the world around them.By virtue of the ability to Sway thinking and creativity was originally attributed to a person it converts back to the nature.With the development of science and understanding the laws of physics is changing the role of the object in the learning process.The strength of the opposition from the facility is also endowed with activity and affects, in turn, on the subject of knowledge.Moreover, the subject and object of operations in the interaction process may be reversed.Therefore, knowledge should be based on the principle of interaction is not in understanding the direction of the linear object from the man, but in the dialectical unity of participants in the process of cognition.
Man as the subject of activity
great transforming influence in the process of understanding the nature of man.And in it he appears as the subject of activity.An example of this - the entire history of science.The result is a civilization of human activity.
On the other hand, the person as a subject of knowledge is the central theme of the entire cycle of study of the humanities.And in this case, it also serves as the object of knowledge.Metamorphosis transformation of man from a subject to an object everywhere.This is easily explained by the nature of man himself.
He is part of nature, a way of existence of highly organized matter.And in this sense, acting on nature, man for himself is the subject of active research and conversion.The dialectical unity of two principles - active, passive, and converts, the unknown is the greatest engine of progress.
Personality in the subject-object relationship
Personality ─ is individuality, self-realized through the prism of society.Man, being born individual with a unique combination of metric and socio-psychological characteristics in their development process goes through several stages before it becomes a person.First of all, it's family and inner circle, which gives the first glimpse of the principles and norms of society.Then, kindergarten, school, studying, work ....
These stages of formation in the community at each stage of the man are increasingly aware of their individuality and become an active creator of reality.Personality as a subject of activity is the official birth of the stage ─ age.At this point, a person can fully exercise their rights, but the responsibility and bear the full responsibility to the society.
fine lines and great danger
it so important to understand what a stakeholder, what is needed such terminology in reality, and deserves any attention to this issue?
Let's look at reality.A little time has passed since the code has taken place in terms of great confusion, which was the illustration of the history of our society "in pictures".Recall the time when a person under the Constitution assigned the role of an object.The supremacy of the Communist Party was, and the slogan "The mind, honor and conscience of our epoch" clearly defined the subject of activity.Priorities were set as follows: the state, society, man.That is the person as a subject of activity was in last place in the list of national importance.A great moral concepts are abandoned to the faceless party.Problems in this period are preserved, and at the moment, when a person is seen as a means to achieve any goals.
subjects are not born, they become
As mentioned above, only the legal age a person begins to manifest itself as the subject of activity.Example - high school graduate. Eighteen years - a threshold at which begins the adult and independent life.This line, which opens up the freedom of choice for the person, one of the most important social characteristics of the person.During this period, a person alone decides about the professional self-determination.
age threshold to adulthood - only socially accepted convention.As with any rule, there are exceptions, and even a child can affect the world the power of his talent or genius, a personal charm.It happens that it is the child's personality determines the choice of priorities in the family and affects the formation of family values.In this case, the child becomes an active participant in defining the foundations and sometimes the family budget, and the family in this case, it is for him not only the medium of education, but also the object of influence.
educational environment
Pedagogical system of Soviet society ─ a prime example of the relationship to the student as an object of education.Education in accordance with the standard of uniform requirements ─ conform to the standards of the educational system.As a result, society has become impersonal.The problem of leveling the subject of knowledge - the individual - has become a common problem in society.To nurture a decent member of society it is important that the system itself provides the freedom of thought, the choice of the person behavior, style display their individuality, personal foundations.The subject of this activity - that the student himself.With the possibility of active participation in the definition of programs and forms of education, control of children's groups.Only in such an environment can be raised and the subject of the future, both economic and social community.
antisocial behavior and the subject
term "subject" is sometimes used with a negative sense.And this is natural.The activity can be both on the "plus" sign, and the sign "minus".In the area of antisocial activity is the subject of a criminal.Either member of the society, which has been active in anti-social behavior.In this case, a person may be an active energy aimed at the destruction of society.By virtue of belief (terrorist activity), status (criminal authority), psychological dependence (alcoholism, drug addiction and other dependencies) and other forms of illegal behavior.In this case, also easy to blur the line between subject and object of activity.Because he is an organic part of the individual, and is an indissoluble unity with the world around him, and the consequence is the destruction of the self-destruction of the active subject.
responsible entity
Since the principle manifestations of human subjects is its impact on the environment and its transformation, he is responsible for the results of these actions.Stakeholders ─ a person who is responsible for its consequences.By the principle of natural law "Strength of equal strength of opposition", the subject gets what he gives to society and nature.Because the choice of variants of behavior - it is also awareness of their success in society, or the rejection of such an attempt.
Man and Nature
particular forms of the responsibility of man to nature, when manifests itself as the subject of activity.It is his attitude to the state environmental impact assessment on the active transformation of nature in the public interest.
part of the risk of danger to the environment and the consequences of the ruthless exploitation of natural resources is giving way to the pragmatic calculation and personal gain.In such cases, you can talk about the irrational behavior of the subject, and do not match the interests of the subject and object in the process of interaction.
Nature in case she turns into a cataclysm in the form of stakeholders.Determining the degree of freedom and responsibility ─ two main criteria for evaluating the results of the activity of man in nature.Here we examined the concept of "subject" and "object".
