Natural Reserve Leningrad Oblast

natural world Leningrad Region impresses with its natural and varied.It is rich with attractions and the beauty of that is truly priceless.In this article we will talk about environmental protection facilities of the Leningrad region.

PA system

Such territory is occupied by 570 thousand. Hectares and account for about 6% of the total area of ​​the region.In all such areas in the Leningrad region - 40, of which only 2 are of federal significance - is a lower-Svirsky Nature Reserve Leningrad Oblast and reserve "Mshinskaya swamp."

Five special conservation areas.They exist under the status of wetlands that are of international assignment.In these areas a special effect additional protection regime.He was introduced to protect the quality of waterfowl habitat.

categories

PAs located in the Leningrad Region Protected Areas are divided into major categories:

1. Natural Reserves of St. Petersburg and Leningrad region.
2. Parks by nature.
3. Sanctuaries.
4. natural monuments.

all protected areas - reserves of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region - differ by some characteristics, such as:

1. purpose of the protected area.
2. area.
3. environmental law.
4. presence or absence of employees and others.

highest category of protected areas

If the object of protection are all natural systems, all reserves of St. Petersburg and Leningrad region will belong to the highest category of protected areas.It should have a scientific staff and, accordingly, the state protection.In this area, you can not engage in economic activities.Also, there are strict restrictions on attendance.As mentioned above, this category belongs to the Nizhne-Svirsky Nature Reserve.

Nizhnesvirsky Nature Reserve

It was established in June 1980.Organized by the Museum-Reserve in the Leningrad region in order to preserve the rich fauna with rare species of animals existing in the territory of this unique body of water like Lake Ladoga, and also:

• its coast;
• surrounding forests having srednetaezhnom type;
• swamp;
• sites for migratory birds;
• spawning of various fish species.

Nizhne-Svirsky - a natural reserve of the Leningrad region, its location - Lodeynopolsky area.The area of ​​protected area is 41 thous. Ha.

Short description

reserve The reserve refers to the wetlands, they have international implications.They live and breed span waterfowl.The third part of the protected area - a swampy area, or simply - the swamp.About 20 thousand. Hectares is covered by forests.Lake Ladoga belongs to 5 th. Hectares of forest land.The relief of the reserve is flat, there are sandy beach ridges and wetlands downgrade.Natural Reserve Leningrad region is characterized by podzolic soils, dominated by bog-podzolic and bog-peat.The relief of the reserve, which we see today, is formed under the influence of two factors:

• melting of the Valdai glacier;
• processes of lake-alluvial accumulation.

climate of the areas which is Nizhnesvirsky Nature Reserve, with a continental influence of the Baltic Sea.In autumn and winter is dominated by north-west wind, but in the spring and summer - the south-west.Internal reservoir protected area, which is to preserve the Leningrad region - Segezhskaya lake.Its area is 15 square meters.km.The greatest depth - 5 m, sandy bottom.The water in the lake, despite its location among the mosses and bogs, clear and bright.

longest river Nizhnesvirsky Nature Reserve - Segezha.It follows from the same lake.Water is her first light, and then along the way she eats marsh creeks, and darkens to the mouth.Basically, all the reservoirs have their origin in peat bogs, so they have a very dark water.The main reservoirs:

• Lake Ladoga;
• Lake Syarba;
• Bay Lahti.

Flora Nizhnesvirsky Nature Reserve

total in the reserve are more than 1,300 species of plants, many of which are rare and endangered.Since Nizhne-Svirsky is located in the middle of the taiga belt, and the vegetation, all of which are rich in reserves Petersburg and Leningrad region, is typical of the middle taiga of European Russia.About 80% of all forests in the protected zone - coniferous, with a predominance of pine trees.But grow in the Nizhne-Svirsky and small-leaved trees such as:

• birch (fluffy and hung);
• aspen (poplar trembling);
• Alder (black and gray).

In addition, small-leaved forests often consist of the following understory trees and shrubs:

• buckthorn;
• viburnum;
• Rowan;
• raspberries;
• black currants;
• cherries and others.

Pines feel well on sandy soils.In the more fertile lands dominated by spruce - European and Finnish.The grass cover rather poor forest of shrubs dominated cranberries and heather.

addition to the above plant, grow, and other flora in protected areas, which are the reserves of the Leningrad region.A list of these plants:

• hair grass;
• bracken;
• rosemary;
• blueberries;
• blueberries;
• lily of the valley;
• fern;
• bog myrtle and others.

average age of pine forest protected areas is about 85 years old, spruce - about 100 years.In inaccessible to logging sites can be seen and forest areas more advanced age - about 200 years.

Wetlands, including the lowlands of Lake Ladoga, covered with reeds.In less wetlands willow grows massively.It happens:

• aquifolium;
• triandra;
• blackened;
• filikolistnuyu and others.

In late summer and autumn forests of the reserve abounds with various fungi is:

• white mushroom;
• boletus;
• estimates of location;
• greasers, and others.

Some types of fungi are listed in the Red Book: osinovik white, purple cortinarius, polushnik bristly and others.

fish in the rivers and lakes of the protected area inhabited by 34 species of different fish.Basically it is a suborder of bony, there are also fish predators.In particular, it is found in the waters of Lake Ladoga ringed seal, and Svir Bay spawn the following:

1. Pike.
2. Bream.
3. Sudak.
4. sabrefish.
5. Perch.
6. Rudd.
7. asp.
8. Roach et al.

From unusual stickleback fish can be noted: the three- and nine-.

Fauna Nizhnesvirsky Nature Reserve

Museum-Reserve in the Leningrad region is rich with representatives of the animal world.Just Nizhne-Svirsky recorded 348 species of vertebrates.The variety of wildlife is directly linked with the landscape and vegetation.Below are the Leningrad Region of the reserve animals that live in the forests and not only:

1. brown bear.
2. flying squirrel.
3. Moose.
4. Wolf.
5. Fox.
6. Mink.
7. Boar.
8. Beaver.
9. Lynx.
10. Wolverine and others.

Total mammals recorded on the territory of about 44 species.The greatest diversity of species of rodents - 17, predators - 13. It is clear that the welfare of wild animals depends on the number of rodents, it's their food.For rodents are different in size animal is:

1. Squirrel ordinary.
2. Muskrat.
3. voles.
4. Eurasian harvest mouse, and others.

Feathered Reserve Museum of Leningrad region has more than 250 species.Many of them live in a protected area temporarily during nesting and migrations.Among them are the birds that are listed as endangered, is:

1. White-tailed Eagle.
2. Osprey.
3. Black Stork.
4. Owl.
5. Grouse.
6. grouse.
7. Common Crane et al.

Nature reserves of the Leningrad Region have a small number of reptiles.The most common viper and three species of lizards.

Today Nizhnesvirsky Nature Reserve has developed several hiking trails, stretching from 6 to 40 km.One of them - water, and the rest on foot.Routes provide the opportunity to see and appreciate all the natural beauty of the Leningrad region, and enjoy the fresh and clean air away from highways and factories.