of the perfect health can only dream of: on the way to it is a lot of obstacles.Some of them are linked to the disabilities of the human body to regenerate.How much easier would become our life, we learn to grow lost body parts!And in fact some people have it turns out ...
Upgrading and Repairing
First, let's define terminology.Regeneration (from the Latin. «Regeneratio» - «Revival) is divided into physiological and reparative.The process of physiological regeneration for any person or virtually invisible, or extremely familiar.For example, the renewal of the epidermis: the top layer of the skin gradually dies and disappears, and instead grow a new one.Similarly recovered corneas, intestinal mucosa, blood cells and other tissues.The constant growth of hair and nails, too, refers to the physiological regeneration.All these processes are possible thanks to the intensive cell division, through which they make their numbers.Physiological regeneration have any living organism in the world, but especially developed in warm-blooded vertebrates, including humans.
Reparative (from the Latin. «Reparatio» - «recovery») regeneration is known to the general public is much larger, and usually the word "recovery" means it up.It is, as the name implies, allows you to restore tissues and organs after injury.Burns, frostbite, exposure to toxins and acids, and, of course, mechanical trauma (sprains, fractures, wounds) - our life without reparative regeneration would be much shorter and sadder.But heal a cut on your finger or splice the broken bone - this one, but lost a hand to grow - is another.The person often can only dream of watching the regenerative abilities of some representatives of the animal world.
Possible loss
Everyone knows that a lizard that foe grabbed by the tail, can drop it and run away.Despite the fact that the tail breaks off easily at the junction of the vertebrae, to reptiles is not the most pleasant experience, but life is more important.Moreover, the regeneration in lizards is so strong that allows you to grow a new tail for a few weeks.This defense mechanism is called autotomy - when the animal itself separates the part of the body that can restore later.This is not only famous lizard.Spiders to escape, leaving their legs, crayfish and crab - claws, octopus sharp decline in muscle tear yourself tentacles.Most of all in this respect distinguished invertebrate sea cucumber sea cucumber, in case of danger is ejected through the anus of the intestine and stomach with water easy.Ironically, all these bodies and then restored.
Mammals autotomy almost unknown.Exceptions were echinated mice that live in Asia and Africa.These lovely rodents can get rid of its skin to hide from the enemy.Their skin is twenty times less strong than normal mice, and after discarding the body does not remain scars.The damaged area is completely regenerates!Scientists involved in the study of reparative regeneration in mammals, primarily examine the genes echinated mice.
There are many animals who are unable to voluntarily get rid of the parts of the body, but has a powerful regeneration.These include sponges, hydra, polyps, earthworms, starfish, newts.Typically, the more primitive organism, the easier it is to recover.The irony of nature: birds and mammals, as the most advanced forms of life, the least able to regenerate.And people, of course, is one of them.
powder finger
Besides the healing of skin and bone healing, our body can boast except that the regeneration of the liver.Even if lost seventy-five percent of the hepatic tissue, the remaining cells begin to divide vigorously until reduced the size of the original body.With the rest of the body situation is not so rosy, though there are exceptions.
For example, in 2008 in Ohio, USA, announced the man can be called "a miracle of nature."Lee Spivak, shestidesyatidevyatiletny retired, lost one and a half centimeters of the middle finger on his right hand due to the careless handling of propeller aircraft model.Doctors offered to hold skin grafts, but Lee went the other way.His brother, Alan Spivak, at the time of regenerative medicine clinic founded ACell, which is engaged in the production of powder of pig bladder.The medicine is, first of all, intended for wound healing horses, and Lee was the first person to test it on himself.The results were not long in coming - after four months of finger fully recovered!He even started to grow anew nail.This event brought Lee considerable popularity, and "miracle powder 'interested in the military.Unfortunately, the medication in the future is not widespread: apparently miraculous healing Lee Spivak shall not powder of pig bladder, and unique features of its own body.
Another example - the British pilot Gordon Moore, head injuries and fifty years ago in a car accident.Then he lost the piece of skull that doctors closed the metal plate.During the test today transpired shocking fact: under the plate fully recovered real bone!Until now it was thought that the regeneration of such a level unattainable for humans.
Virgin, leg grow back
In cases when the medicine is powerless, people have to seek the help of a higher power.One of the most famous cases occurred hundreds of years ago: March 29, 1640 in the Spanish town of Calanda.Miguel Juan Pellicer dvadtsatitrehletny lost his leg: he moved the cart and in the hospital, it was decided to amputate the limb.The operation was successful, but the one-legged young man was unable to find a job.He was forced to beg in front of the Basilica of St.Virgin Pillarskoy in Zaragoza.Each day began with Miguel participation in the Mass before the figure of the Virgin.After five months, he returned to his native village to somehow help the family.He did not abandon his faith in the Lord and the Mother of God, and one day woke up and found that his leg has grown back!It is impossible to convey the joy gripped Miguel and his family.The case of miraculous healing has been documented, and the young man even won an audience with King Philip IV.At the site of the house where there was a case of miraculous recovery, was later built a chapel.And to this day residents Calanda celebrate March 29 as a reminder of the event.
Riddles genome
More recently, in 2010, it has been probably the most significant discovery in regenerative medicine in its history.Scientists discovered in the human p21 gene, blocking our innate capacity for reparative regeneration.It is believed that the "off" or even the withdrawal of this part of the genome will allow people to grow lost limbs better than lizards and octopus, not to mention about the accelerated healing of minor wounds.The experiments so far carried out only on mice, but positive results.Genetically modified rodents wounds heal without scars and several times faster than conventional mice.
According to scientists, in the absence of p21 gene cells behave like regenerating stem cells are famous, not as mature mammalian cells.That is, they are likely to grow new tissue than restoring damaged.
Unfortunately, work on this gene also depends on the correct cell reproduction in humans and just remove it fail.Careless manipulation can lead to the accelerated development of cancer and other diseases from which recovery is simply not save.But researchers do not give up, conducting new experiments and deciphering the genome.In the end, the way to perfect health would have to be the thorny ...
Sergey Yevtushenko
Articles Source: oracle-today.ru
