one of the base in the study of personality is the problem of identity.It is not surprising, because the concept is very complex and multifaceted.Scientific researchers have a lot of works devoted to this phenomenon.Self-consciousness in psychology - is the process of understanding and evaluation of the individual self as the subject of various activities and as a person that has a set of its own interests, values, motives, ideals.
definition
Psychologists say that people not only different identity, but also society, class, nation, or any other social group, but only if these elements reach the understanding and awareness of relationships, common interests, common activities.Self-consciousness in psychology - this is when the man himself is an allocation of the entire environment and define its place in the natural and vibrant social life.This phenomenon is closely related to a term such as reflection, theoretical thinking.
criterion and the starting point of how a person relates to himself - is the people around, that is, the emergence and development of consciousness going on among their own kind in society.Social psychologists argue that in the three areas of possible formation and the formation of the individual as a person, namely, activities, communication and awareness of yourself.
Theory VS Merlin
process of socialization involves the expansion and deepening of ties and relationships of the individual with other people, certain groups, the society in general.The image of "I" develops and becomes more stable.Formation of self-consciousness or the very "I", occurs gradually, over the course of life, and not just from birth.This is a complex process affected by many social impacts.In this regard, VS Merlin, select the component identity:
- first - person is aware of their differences and releases itself from the outside world.
- second - the individual is aware of himself as an active subject, the ability to change the surrounding reality, and not as a passive object.
- third - the person is aware of their own mental properties, processes and emotional states.
- fourth - in humans formed social and moral aspects, self-respect as a result of lessons learned.
Self-awareness: the three directions in science
Modern science has very different views on the origin and development of consciousness and self-awareness.The traditional approach is considered as the original concept in the genetic plan the primary form of human consciousness, which is based on self-perception and self-perception.It develops in childhood, when the child is acquainted with your body realizes it distinguishes his "I" from the "I" of the other, looking in the mirror and realizes that this is it.
This concept indicates that the particular and universal aspect of what we call ethnic identity is self-experience, which generates it.
But scientists have not stopped, and SL Rubinstein suggested the opposite view.For him, the problem of consciousness is different and in a different area.It lies in the fact that this phenomenon has the highest level and is a kind of product and the result of the development of consciousness.
There is a third point of view which suggests that consciousness and psyche, as well as self-awareness characterized by the simultaneous development of parallel, single and interdependent.So, a person perceives the world with the help of sensations, and he develops a kind of picture of the outside world, but apart from that he's going through self-awareness, which form his conception of himself.
development phenomenon
consciousness in psychology - is a process that consists of two main stages:
- first scheme involves the construction of the physical body and creates a feeling of 'I'.
- The second stage begins when improving intellectual capabilities, conceptual thinking and develop reflection.The individual is already able to make sense of their lives.But as we would have liked to think rationally, even reflexive level still has a relationship with affective experiences, at least, so says Zinchenko.According to scientists, the right hemisphere of the brain responsible for the sense of self, and the left - for reflection.
components concepts
structure of consciousness characterized by several components.Firstly, the individual identifies himself out of the world, conscious of itself the subject, regardless of the medium - and by nature, and from the public.Secondly, there is awareness of its activity, i.e. a control.Third, the person may be aware of themselves and their quality through the other (if you notice some hell in the familiar, so there you have it, otherwise you would not select it from the background).Fourth, the person evaluates himself from the moral point of view, it is characterized by reflection, inner experience.This structure has a Russian identity.
Man feels united thanks to the continuity of the experience of time: the memory of past events, the experience of the present and hope for a brighter future.Since it is a continuous phenomenon, personality integrates itself into holistic education.
structure of consciousness, namely the dynamic aspect of it has repeatedly been subjected to analysis.As a result, there are two terms: 'the current I "designating certain forms of how a person becomes aware of itself in this period," here and now ", and" personal self, "which is characterized by resistance and is the core for all other" I current. "It turns out that any act of self-consciousness is characterized as the self-knowledge, self-experience as well.
Another structure
Since this problem has occupied many scholars, most of them isolated and called their identity components.Here's another example:
- We can realize the close and long-term goals, the motives of its activities, even though they can often be hidden and veiled ("I act").
- We are able to understand what qualities are inherent in us really, and just what we wish to have ("I am real", "I'm perfect").
- There is a process of cognitive understanding of their attitudes and perceptions about themselves.
- emotional relationship to yourself, which will help to measure the self-assessment test.
According to the above information, self-consciousness includes self (intellectual aspect) and the self (emotional).
Doctrine of CG Jung
great popularity in psychological science, in the teaching of "consciousness and psyche" received theory of CG Jung, Austrian psychiatrist.He argued that the basis of self-consciousness is the opposition of conscious and unconscious activity.According to K. Jung, the psyche has two levels of self-reflection.The first of these is the self, which takes part in the conscious and unconscious processes, totally permeating all.The second level is the way we think about ourselves, for example, "I feel like I miss you", "I love myself", and all this - the extension of the self.Subjective and objective in one bottle.
views Humanist psychologists
Scientists humanistic psychology perceive self as focus the whole of human nature, which will help to realize the maximum potential opportunities.
criterion of how the individual will relate to themselves, become more individual.In this case, developing ethnic identity and social contacts, carrying a new experience, changing the idea of what we are, and make it more versatile.The conscious behavior manifests itself not so much what is man really as a result of stereotypes introjects about themselves, formed as a result of communicating with other people.
is important for the individual to become herself, and remain so to have the ability to sustain themselves in the difficult moments that the self-self has not changed, and the self-assessment test showed stable results.
level of consciousness
Psychologists have identified four levels of consciousness.First - just-sensitive, which has information about all the physiological processes of the body desires, state of mind.This level of self-awareness and self-experience, which provide the most basic of human identification.
second level - personal, or integrally shaped.The individual is aware of himself active, and appear self-actualizing process.
third level can be called crazy, because there is a person comprehends the content of their intellectual forms They reflect, analyze, watching.
Well, fourth level - a purposeful activity that is a combination of the previous three, allowing a person to adequately function in the world.Self-control, self-education, self-organization, self-criticism, self-esteem, self-knowledge, self-improvement and many other self - all characteristics of the fourth level of the synthesized.
structural components of consciousness different content and have a relationship with mechanisms such as assimilation, that is, the identification of an individual with an object or subject, and mining (it is the reflection).Category
relations
consciousness in psychology - is a combination of attitudes towards self and others, and expectations of how other people will treat the person (projective mechanisms).
Therefore relationships are divided into types:
- egocentric - the individual puts himself in the center and believes that it is a value in itself.If people do as he wants, then they are good.
- Gruppotsentricheskie - a relationship within the reference group.When you're on our team, you - good.
- prosocial - a relationship prevails the respect and acceptance of each other, since every person is considered to be a value in itself.Do what you want to get in return.
- Estoholicheskie - a level of spiritual relations, which welcomed such noble traits as compassion, honesty, justice, love of God, neighbor.
pathological forms of the phenomenon
When pathological manifestations of consciousness subject to the defeat in the first place, after it is already normal consciousness.
Consider what disorders are:
- process of depersonalization - is characterized by the loss of his own "I".In this case, the person perceives external events and occurring in as an outside observer and not an active subject.
- process of splitting the basis of personality.It disotsiatsiya.The core is divided into two, and sometimes three or more began with alien features that may conflict with each other.Renowned science case when one man got on 24 (!) Person who have had their memories, interests, motivations, temperament, values and even voice.Each of these principles argue that it is true, and others simply do not exist.
- There are violations of identifying his own body.His part people may perceive as alien, separate.
- most pathological form - derealization.The person loses touch with reality, he begins to doubt the existence of not only themselves, but the whole environment.Very serious violation of the individual.
Conclusion
described in the article, the concept is important for understanding the various processes of life.Self-awareness is relevant to many aspects of the personality, a variety of different displays can be both in normal and in pathological conditions.Various scholars have identified its components, structure, levels and stages.This phenomenon is built on the human psyche, consciousness and depends on the individual surrounding people affect it.Self-consciousness has its own peculiarities of development and formation in ontogenesis.Although this area has been studied enough, but a lot of things hidden and awaits study.
