In Soviet times, every head of state took care of the city architecture.Today, the definition of "Breznev", "Khrushchev" and "Stalinka" are used in all Russian cities to designate buildings of a certain period.But at all times, along with the typical residential houses were created and are real works of art.As called Stalinist skyscraper, built in the postwar years?The notable of these buildings and how their fate?Is it true that the original draft of skyscrapers in the Soviet Union should have been more?
Sparrow Hills: MSU
If you ask the indigenous inhabitants of the capital, "as he called Stalin skyscrapers?" - The answer you will get immediately - "Sisters of Stalin."Total building seven, and they are really very similar.If you personally do not see everyone, it is easy to confuse entirely on photos residential building on the waterfront Tinkers and the main building of Moscow State University.This skyscraper is the highest, it has 36 floors, some of which are technical purposes.Construction was started in 1949, and in 1953 the building hosted students.Nowadays height is still used for its original purpose, being the main body of the country's most prestigious university.It also houses a museum.During the existence of this structure of many legends.They say that the powerful refrigeration units are hidden in basements and secret underground passages.One of the interesting facts confirmed by official sources, we know that were involved in the construction of hundreds of prisoners, however, it is common practice for the period.
Smolensk-Sennaya: Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Not all Stalin skyscrapers are skyscrapers in the modern sense of the word.For example, the building of Ministry of Foreign Affairs has a height of 27 floors.Construction took about five years, was launched in 1948.An interesting fact is that the spire of this building have not had to.Its main decoration - a large emblem of the USSR on the facade.But when the project is approved, Comrade Stalin, he personally randomly-dorisoval vertical grandeur and ordered to erect.
drawings at full processing time was not, for this reason, and the spire is made of sheet steel to reduce weight.All seven "sisters" were not only improve the appearance of the capital, but also to demonstrate to ordinary people and to the world the greatness of power, winning in a fierce war.For this reason, the scale and style of the tower so important.Yet because of the technical features of the project building on Smolenskaya-Hay is a little different from its twin, its steeple has no decorations in the form of a five-pointed star.
Kutuzovsky Prospekt: the hotel "Ukraine»
According to the architects of this building was to become one of the largest hotel complexes in the world.Implement it partially succeeded, even in our days the hotel include a number of the largest in Europe.Building height - 34 floors, it was put into operation in 1957, after 4 years of construction.This magnificent building is located across from the White House.Not long ago, the hotel has gone through a large-scale restoration.Today, above the main entrance you can see a sign Radisson Royal Hotel, and inside to lose count, counting bars, restaurants and entertainment facilities.The fact is that in 2005 the building was sold to the condition of preservation of the facade and interior of some of the company "Biscuit".Perhaps in the future a similar fate awaits and other Moscow skyscrapers Stalin period.If we talk specifically about "Ukraine", the update went in her favor, but the result is obvious - to stay while visiting the capital of Royal Hotel can afford not every citizen of our country.
Kalanchevskaya Street: the hotel "Leningrad»
This building saw many guests of the capital, as it rises majestically above the square of three stations.If you compare it with the other, the question of how to call the Stalinist skyscraper, will not arise.Despite the modest height (total 17 floors), the style is recognizable at first sight.The building was completed in 1954, its uniqueness lies in the facing of the facade tiles.At that time it was one of the most modern materials, which are not required for complex care.The minor dimensions of the structure are compensated rich interior and exterior trim.Skyscraper repeat the fate of "Ukraine", in 2008 it was sold to Hilton.After extensive renovations the building has acquired the status of a modern hotel, but the Stalinist luxury and romance of that period it saved.
Red Gate: multifunctional house
At the highest point of the Garden Ring Stalinist skyscraper was built in 1952.The unique building is primarily due to the construction of the technology used.In one of its side sector is the entrance to the subway.It was built at the same time the underground premises and administrative and residential tower.The project is unique in that the house was originally built with an impressive deviation from a straight line.We used techniques similar to those used for laying the underground tunnels, involving freezing of the soil.After thawing of the soil and the natural shrinkage of the structure it has become well-vertical.All other Stalinist skyscraper in Moscow have some limited purpose.Provided on the grounds and the building on the area of the Red Gate.The central part is occupied by the Ministry of Transport Engineering.In addition, the building houses several large offices and a kindergarten.The high-rise residential apartments and there.
Kudrinskaya area: House aviators
story building Stalin's skyscrapers would be incomplete without a mention of the building on Kudrinskaya Square.Alternative title - "House Aviator" and "The building on the area of the Rebellion."Initially, apartments here have received workers aviation sector.It is believed that on the upper floors was a secret KGB observation point, because located near the US Embassy.Legends speak of a residential building in a plurality of secret passages and black outputs.Under the magnificent building is a large air-raid shelter.Here today to buy housing can be anyone, but this purchase will cost quite expensive.A similar fate and have one of the seven sisters.
waterfront Tinkers: house
Apartments in Stalin's skyscrapers had dreams of ordinary citizens of the USSR.It is believed that all of them distributed at the stage of construction of houses with the personal approval of Comrade Stalin.The most distinguished house in Tinkers with stunning views of the Kremlin and Red Square.Settled in his art representatives and party activists.In this house there is even a private cinema, which, however, was not used too often.Today, high-rise shops are located, has its own post office.The interior gives the interior a "House of aviators", but well-preserved main entrance of the central section.Today, to live in this building do not need to be an outstanding figure.Apartments are sold and rented for long periods, prices are high.
eighth skyscraper?
eighth metropolitan skyscraper project was approved - and construction began.Not just anywhere, but in charge.According to many architects, the construction of this facility would seriously harm the ensemble of Red Square.Nevertheless, the foundation was laid, but died suddenly main customer - Stalin.For this reason, the initial project refused.Leave unfinished in such a favorable place did not dare, and instead of the high-rise was built a modest building, which later became the hotel "Russia".Worked complex until 2006, after which some time were disputes about the possibility of restoration or dismantling the building.As a result, it was decided to demolish the hotel.Disassemble the building had, using only construction machinery, as too close to the Kremlin.Today on the site of the legendary Soviet hotel wasteland, is scheduled to pitch here a beautiful park.
There is another version of what was called Stalin skyscrapers - "Leader of the teeth."This satirical naming is not widely used, and eventually forgotten.There is an opinion that if Stalin had lived longer, he could skyscrapers to build much more.
where to start Stalin skyscrapers?
history of high-rise buildings in the capital of Russia begins with the project of the Palace of the Soviets.It can be seen only in the film fiction character.In the thirties, it was deployed large-scale construction, for which destroyed the Cathedral of Christ the Savior.The planned height - 420 meters.Instead of the spire, typical of post-war Stalinist skyscrapers, the building was supposed to marry Russian Statue of Liberty - a sculpture of Lenin.The project was not implemented because of the war, during which the construction of the palace was destroyed so that it is not subject to restoration.As a result, in place of the unreal skyscraper it was built a large outdoor swimming pool "Moscow".They say that Stalin was thinking about the incarnation of this project to life.Whatever it was, it was built only 7 Stalinist skyscrapers in Moscow, and they all survived.Despite the development of the construction sector and architecture in particular, these buildings are still considered monuments of a bygone era, and they are known far beyond the borders of our country.
