Since antiquity mankind interested in questions of knowledge.Philosophical thought to evolve as an individual to know the world and himself in it.Even in ancient times it originated such fundamental science, mathematics, physics, history, philosophy.Then there was the question of whether there is a way of knowing the truth and what it should be based.It was at this time any such flows as dogmatism, pragmatism, empiricism.
empiricism as a philosophy
Empiricus - is at the heart of which lies directly with practical activities.That is what is produced by the human experience.This concept is at the basis of the same philosophical trend.Sensual experience is absolute for the empiricist.This is its essence and source of knowledge.Knowledge is the result of processing of sensory impulses person.
Francis Bacon - the founder of empiricism
flow is considered to be the founder of Francis Bacon by which empiricism has been decorated in a mature philosophical concept.Later, inside it, a number of trends - first of all, a positive and logical empiricism.Bacon insisted that the knowledge and perception of the need to clear your mind of the empty idols and gain experience through experiment and observation of nature.The main idols of Bacon: the tribe, the cave, the market Theatre.Empiricism opposes the rationalist currents and religious scholasticism.
truth empiricism
rationalists and empiricists differ in understanding the sources of knowledge of the truth.The first see him in the accurate conclusions and urged not to take anything for granted, absolutising logic and deductive method.Whereas the empiricist - is over, resting on induction.The main source of the truth of his followers see the human sensory experience (empiricism), his feelings.The main objective is to understand the feeling, to process it and to convey extracted from him the truth to man in its original, undistorted form.The main source of knowledge for the empiricist - is, first of all, nature, observing it and act in it, generating a feeling.This doctrine is close to such sciences as biology, medicine, physics, astronomy.
truth empiricism - the result of living contemplation, which is expressed in such forms:
• sensation (mirroring in the minds of individual properties and the sides of anything, the impact on the senses);
• perception (the creation of a complete image of the known object in the synthesis of sensations);
• representation (intelligent result generalization visual-sensory empiricism, do not take now, but impacted in the past).
In the process of knowing the truth man involved visual, gustatory, tactile, auditory sensations, put in submission using memory and imagination.Empiricist explains the presence in the human body eksteroretseptivnoy (senses) and interoretseptivnye (signals about the internal state) systems.Thus, sensory-emotional and sensory-sensitive components - the basis on which build empiricist criterion of truth and objective knowledge.
