monism - a philosophical position that recognizes the unity of the world, namely the similarity of all the objects contained in it, the relationship between them and the self-development of the whole which they form.Monism - one of the options for addressing the variety of world events in the light of a single principle, a common basis of all that exists.The opposite of monism, dualism, which recognizes two independent start and pluralism based on the multiplicity began.
value and types of monism
There is a specific scientific and philosophical monism.The main purpose of the first - to find common phenomena in a particular class: mathematical, chemical, social, physical, and so on.The objective of the second - to find a common basis of all existing phenomena.By the nature of solutions such philosophical question, as the ratio of thinking and being, monism is divided into three types:
- subjective idealism.
- Materialism.
- objective idealism.
subjective idealist treats the world as the upkeep of the mind, and in this sees its unity.Materialistic monism recognizes the objective world, treats all phenomena as a form of existence of matter and its properties.The objective idealist and recognizes his own mind, and the world that exists outside.
concept
monism monism - a concept that recognizes the foundation of the world one substance.That is the philosophy of this trend comes from a single principle, in contrast to dualism and pluralism, directions, unable to substantiate the relationship between spiritual and material.The solution monism sees the unity of the world, a common basis of existence.Depending on what is recognized for this foundation is subdivided into monism materialistic and idealistic.
principle of monism
monism seeks to reduce to a single first principle of the diversity of the world.This desire is a result of reflection on the regularity showing up when moving from the whole to the parts.Number of opening facilities in this division is increased, and the diversity of their reduced.For example, cells more than living organisms, but smaller species.Molecules smaller than atoms, but they are more diverse.By limiting transition conclude that by reducing the diversity in the promotion of the object inside is absolutely homogeneous pervosubstrat.This is the basic principle of monism.
principles of monism - a search for a primordial.This task was of paramount ever since the emergence of the philosophy of monism.For example, Heraclitus claimed that everything is made of fire, Thales - out of the water, Democritus - of atoms, and so on.The last attempt to find and justify the fundamental principle of the world was made by Ernst Haeckel at the end of the 19th century.Here as a basis has been proposed ether.
forms
monism monism - a way to solve the fundamental question of philosophy, which is based on understanding the unknown primordial world is divided into continuous and discrete form.Path monism describes the world of the concepts of form and substrate, discrete - structure and elements.The first was represented by philosophers such as Hegel, Heraclitus, Aristotle.Representatives considered the second Democritus, Leibniz and others.
necklaces for finding fundamental principle is not a primary goal.After reaching the desired pervosubstrata, he is able to move in the opposite direction from the parts to the whole.The definition of community allows you to find the connection between the primary elements initially, and then between their more complex compounds.The movement to the whole of its basic elements can be done in two ways: diachronic and synchronic.
This monism - is not only the view but also the way of research.For example, the mathematical theory of numbers takes a lot of the objects of the natural numbers.In geometry, the basis of a point.Monistic approach within one tried to use science in the development of philosophical monism.Thus, there teaching is considered a world based on mechanical movement (mechanism), the number (Pythagoras), physical processes (physicalism) and so on.If you encountered difficulties in the process, this leads to a denial of monism pluralism.
political monism
In the political sphere monism expressed in establishing a one-party system, the destruction of the opposition, civil liberties and the system of separation of powers.This may include leaderism and compound absolute party and state apparatus.Cultivation of violence, terror and mass repression.
The economy appears monism establishment of a state-owned, planned economy and monopoly control of the economy by the state.In the spiritual realm it is expressed only in the recognition of the official ideology, which is designed to deny the past and the present for the future.This ideology defines the right mode of existence, struggling with dissent, fully controls the media.
