Climatic conditions can change and transform, but in general they remain the same, making some areas attractive for tourism, and others - heavy survival.Understand the existing types of stands for a better understanding of the geographical features of the world and a responsible attitude to the environment - certain zones of humanity may lose in the global warming and other catastrophic processes.
What is climate?
Under this definition realize steady weather conditions, distinguishes a particular locality.It is reflected in the complex on the territory of the observed changes.Types of climate affect the nature, determine the state of water bodies and soil, give rise to specific plants and animals affect the development of industries and agriculture.Formation occurs as a result of exposure to solar radiation and the wind, combined with a kind of surface.All these factors are directly dependent on latitude, which determines the angle of incidence, and thus the volume of the resulting heat.
What affects the climate?
determines what will be the weather conditions may be different (in addition to latitude).For example, is heavily influenced by the proximity to the ocean.The farther away from the area is great waters, the less gets rain, and so they are uneven.Closer to the ocean oscillation amplitude is small, and all types of climate in these lands where the continental softer.Not less important sea currents.For example, they warm coast of the Scandinavian peninsula, which contributes to growth forests there.Thus Greenland, which has similar location, all year covered by ice.Strong impact on the climate and terrain.The above area, the lower the temperature, however in the mountains can be cold, even if they are located in the tropics.In addition, the ranges can trap air masses, causing on the windward slopes much rain falls, and on the continent of much less.Finally, it is worth noting the impact of the winds, which also can seriously transform the types of climate.Monsoons, hurricanes and typhoons tolerate moisture and significantly influence the weather.
all existing types
Before examining each type separately is to deal with the general classification.What could be the main types of climate?The easiest way to understand the example of a particular country.The Russian Federation occupies a large area, and in the territory of the country the weather is very different.Examine all the help table.Types of climates and places where they predominate, distributed it to each other, respectively.
| Arctic climate | islands of the Arctic Ocean and Siberia in the coastal areas |
| subarctic climate | region along the Arctic Circle |
| temperate climate |
Central European part of the West Siberian Plain, the Far East |
| subtropical climate | Black Sea coast of the Caucasus |
As you can see, there is no equatorial belt and some intermediate types.What characterizes each of the above, it is possible to study in detail, starting from the pole and moving the map down.
Arctic climate
also known as a polar, typical for this type of zones at the poles.It is included in the types of climates Russia - table begins this embodiment weather.Generally identified two of its species.The first - the polar climate zone in the Arctic, and the second - in the Antarctic.Weather conditions in such areas differ in severity, it does not assume a comfortable stay man.Throughout the year, the zone is characterized by sub-zero temperatures, even in August, the air can be warmed up only five degrees.This period is called the polar summer, it lasts only a few weeks or does not occur at all.Winter is the difference between the duration and the small amount of snow.Average temperatures determines the area: climate type involves both minus ten at the Atlantic Ocean, and to thirty-five degrees below zero on the Pacific.For belt is characterized by minimal rainfall not exceeding three hundred millimeters.The vegetation on these lands virtually no surviving only lichens and mosses.
temperate climate
Such weather conditions are the most common.A moderate type of climate prevails between 45 and 65 degrees in the Northern hemisphere and within 42 and 58 in the South.It is characterized by a clear division of the year into four seasons with two transitional (spring and fall) and warm (summer) and cold (winter).The weather is characterized by periodic cloudiness, precipitation formed under the influence of cyclones and anticyclones.The area is located close to the ocean, the greater the impact.At the same time than the region further away from the water area, the greater the fluctuation in temperature.The transitional seasons are usually protracted, with long low and high degrees.The average temperature in the coldest month, January can be 10 to 40 below zero, everything is determined by the specific location of the region.The hottest month is July (average temperature - about 21 degrees Celsius).Describes the types of climates Russian table applies to most of the temperate zone areas.It is also typical for the United States and much of Europe.In a common area of pine forests and mixing, sometimes forest.Year-round vegetation is not possible due to the change of seasons.
tropical climate
Characteristic of land ranging between 20 and 30 degrees north or south latitude.Tropical is part of the main types of climate.It is characterized by extremely low humidity and minimal rainfall, the predominance of anticyclones with high blood pressure, which leads to frequent sunny days.There is often a strong blow dry winds, which are the cause of a sandstorm in the desert.In this area there are no four seasons, which suggests a moderate climate zone.Type tropical climate provides only two seasons - cold and warm, with temperatures in the range of thirty degrees.Record heat was plus fifty eight.Distinguishes this type and marked diurnal fluctuation, sometimes reaching up to thirty degrees.For example, in the summer the air is heated up to forty-five, and in the evening cools down to fifteen.Occasionally at night there are frosts.As mentioned above, this type of climate produces desert.The most famous is the Sahara.The tropical climate is typical for Mexico, North and South Africa, Arabia and Australia.In moist areas of these areas can be found areas of savannas and deciduous forests.
equatorial climate
This option weather is typical for areas of central belt of the Earth.For a few hundred kilometers to the south and north of the equator there is such a zone.It is part of the main types of climate, of which there are four.Equatorial weather characterized by the highest levels of temperature throughout the year.The average is around 25 degrees.During the day, the air can be warmed up to forty, and at night to cool down to fifteen.During this, the temperature does not change.Other types of climate characterized by at least a small change of seasons, the equatorial a permanent summer.The maximum decrease in mean monthly temperature of only two degrees in the winter months.In addition, there is very heavy rainfall, presented in the form of thundershowers.Their number could reach tens of thousands of millimeters.Due to the high temperature evaporation in an area consistently good.The equatorial climate is also the length of daylight reaching twelve hours.This zone is characterized by a rich flora and fauna.Almost half of all existing species of both animals and plants found in the zone is an equatorial climate.It is characteristic of South America, Africa and Indonesia.
subpolar climate
should talk about in between.You can easily determine the type of climate in the Arctic or on the equator, but what about, for example, the tundra?It combines the properties of polar and temperate!Therefore, scientists have been allocated between.Subpolar climate is characterized by a low level of volatility in the five hundred millimeters of rainfall that leads to the swamp.Summer in cold areas and shorter, with a temperature not exceeding fifteen degrees, and in winter it drops to minus forty five.The area covered by permafrost and is characterized by a minimum in the form of lichen vegetation.This weather features a northern parts of Russia, Canada, Greenland, Scandinavia, Alaska and Antarctica.
subtropical climate
This band is stretched between 30 and 40 degrees north or south latitude.It separates the temperate climate of the tropical type.In the subtropics are located United States, Asia, the Mediterranean, Japan, New Zealand and Australia.The subtropical climate is considered the best for human health.There are two seasons: dry and warm in the summer and cool and wet in winter, which takes place under the influence of air masses moving from temperate zones.The annual amplitude of temperature is large enough.In summer, the air warms up to thirty-five, falling to two degrees on a winter night.During the day, the differences are small.The warmest is July and August, cold - January and February.In the Southern Hemisphere the situation is reversed.For subtropical climate characterized by evergreen forests, sometimes semi-deserts.The diversity of flora ensures weather, provides year-round growing season.
Subequatorial climate
This type of weather prevails on the lands situated below the tropical zone.It is a transition.In the summer is dominated by equatorial mass with abundant rainfall, they may fall to six thousand millimeters.In winter, it's time to tropical monsoons that provide area dry and warm air.In times of drought rainfall does not exceed fifteen millimeters.This leads to the fact that in this area can be clearly divided two seasons, and months during the rainy season drought.The temperature remains high throughout the year.In the winter months, it is reduced by only a few degrees.Moreover, also small amplitude day: night, usually almost the same kind as the days.The climate is sub-equatorial rainforests, which house a variety of animals - rodents, carnivores, artiodactyls.
sea climate
should also distinguish different zones located within the same zone.You can allocate a moderate sea or tropical marine climate, which has some similarities, despite the impressive difference.So this type is characteristic for areas along the coast.It is characterized by minimal fluctuations of both annual and daily temperatures and very smooth transitions seasons.For maritime climate characterized by strong winds, high cloudiness and constant humidity.This area can be found, for example, in Western Europe.
continental climate
This weather reigns in the regions located on the marine climate of the area.What are its characteristics?A continental climate type differs sunshine with anticyclones and impressive amplitude of both annual daily temperatures.Here summer quickly replaced by winter.A continental climate type can be further divided into mild, sharp and normal.The best example is the central part of Russia.
monsoon climate
This type of weather is characterized by a sharp difference between the winter and summer temperatures.During warmer months, the weather is formed by the action of winds blowing from the sea to dry land.Therefore, the summer monsoon type of climate is reminiscent of the sea, with heavy rains, high cloud cover, humidity and strong winds.In winter, the direction of air masses is changing.Monsoon begins to resemble the type of climate is continental - with a clear and frosty weather and minimal rainfall during the season.Such variations are characteristic of natural conditions of several Asian countries - are found in Japan, the Far East and the north of India.
