Dual power - it is a historical reality, is happening on every continent at all times.But it is called differently: diarchy, duumvirate.Diarchy was Principate and - a specific form of the early Roman monarchy, where the emperor opposed the Senate, supported by the people.The essence of these phenomena alone - equal status of the two highest in the state officials or centers.
With dual power familiar to many countries
from the lexical meaning of the word is clear that the dual power - a power of two.In the history of many examples when the country was ruled by two people simultaneously.In Spain, it is the ruling together Ferdinand and Isabella.
In countries such as Bhutan (there now) and Tibet, there was a dual system of government.Peter I in 1682 came to the throne along with his brother Ivan.But diarchy diarchy strife.If the Spanish dictator were a single entity, the kings of Ivan V and Peter I are antagonists, sat down on the throne at the same time in a bloody riot musketeers.They were two hate each other Clan - Miloslavskys and Naryshkin.With such a dual power familiar to Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, the Golden Horde and medieval Sweden, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, England and Scotland the time William III of Orange.
short-term phenomenon in the case of opposition
almost always gives rise to the power of two confusion and lasts a short time by historical standards.That is the general idea of ​​uncorroborated and goals dual power - this is a temporary phenomenon.The political opposition can not be constructive.And the country when it is not thriving.This is the case when there is no interaction between power centers when all the power is not divided between them to achieve the best results, and there is, on the contrary, fierce confrontation between two equal powers rebuke administrative units.In this situation, one possible way out - some of the parties need to win and to concentrate power in his and only his hands.Because dual power is always dangerous, it is usually always accompanied by civil war and a lot of blood.
Purely domestic phenomenon
most striking and obvious example of this statement - dual power in Russia, established after the February Revolution and lasted from March to July 1917.Despite the fact that the stories were already known cases of the dual system of government, unique to what happened in Russia was not.As noted above, the dual power - two threads of power available in parallel.In the seventeenth year in Russia, one of them was the Provisional Government, is an organ of the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie, the other - the Soviets of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies, the germ of the future power of the people.But the moment the vast majority of seats in the Council went to the Mensheviks and SRs - 250, the Bolsheviks received only 28. It happened because the predecessor of the Petrograd Soviet was set up by the Mensheviks in 1915, the Working Group of the Central Military-Industrial Committee (TSVPK).At the head was a Menshevik KA Gvozdev.The Bolsheviks still had little experience of organizational work.
anti-people government Mensheviks
Naturally, the Social Revolutionaries and Mensheviks carried out their policies.Home declared they thought - the country is not yet ripe for a socialist revolution.They also proposed the establishment of the Provisional Government, which clothe the power, but for the Soviets had the right to control the activities of the new government structure.Tips relied on the power of the people in revolt, but power was the bourgeois Provisional Government.Dual power emerged in February - it is the people and the political opposition of the bourgeoisie.The two branches had different goals - the Bolsheviks demanded the continuation of the revolution, the victory of which will be installed the dictatorship of the proletariat, the bourgeoisie demanded the continuation of the war.They disagreed on almost all issues, the agreement was reached only in the ban on land grabbing landlords.The solution of complex problems due to the impossibility of compromise was postponed to "afterwards."
Familiar Russian turmoil
Naturally, in such a situation, the crisis of the Provisional Government came in the middle of March.GE Lvov became chairman of the next coalition government "socialist ministers" which lasted 1.5 months, and in such a short period of time survived two crises.Generally, from March to October each other have changed the composition of the Provisional Government 4.It was noted above that the dual power - almost always confused.Really was not anything, however, each newly elected Provisional Government demanded the continuation of the war and the implementation of commitments to the Allies.Tips led by the Mensheviks and SRs were with the government, in effect, at the same time, what undermined the confidence of the people, causing his resentment.Bloody confrontation was brewing.In July, the 500,000th demonstration was shot by troops loyal to the Provisional Government, which contributed to the formation of the February Revolution.Dual power ended with the victory of the bourgeoisie.The Bolshevik Party was banned and went underground.
