Agricultural abroad in Europe.

Despite some limited land resources, foreign Europe was able to establish fairly highly productive agriculture.Countries in this part of the world are not only able to provide food for its own population, but most of them are major exporters of food crops and livestock.As regards the first sector, the most developed in the European states is a dairy cattle.The crop in the region is dominated by areas such as horticulture and gardening.Some countries are also the largest exporters of grain, mainly wheat.

Agricultural foreign Europe: the proportion of the active population

After the Second World War, the economy of the region has changed dramatically.The proportion of the active population engaged in agriculture has decreased significantly.It was connected with the intensive development of new methods of production, increased welfare and many other factors.However, important differences between countries in this respect are preserved.For example, in the United Kingdom for 2005 in the agricultural area was occupied by about 1.4% of the active population in Portugal - 19%, in Romania - 42%.A similar situation persists today.

main types of conduct

specializations that can be proud of agriculture abroad in Europe, is subtropical agriculture.The bulk of the imports of food products from this part of the world make up the grapes, fruits, sugar and wine.The second place was occupied by dairy farming products - milk, meat, cheese, butter.

Thus, the main types of farming in Europe are foreign:

• Central European with a predominance of livestock (mainly milk) in the structure.
• southern European with a predominance of crop production is mainly subtropical.

You can also select the type of Eastern European agriculture, much less specialized.This arrangement is typical for the countries of the former socialist camp.

Central European type

foreign countries in Europe with the agricultural organizations specializing primarily in dairy cattle breeding and plant growing kormoproizvodyaschem.Also quite important podotroslyami in these states are vegetable growing and cultivation of industrial crops.

Livestock

In the western parts of England, the north of France and Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark and Switzerland are particularly well developed dairy cattle.Butter, margarine, condensed milk and cheese make up a significant portion of food imports from these countries.In Germany, France, the Netherlands and Denmark are also a lot of resources involved in the dairy and meat cattle, pigs and poultry.A significant part of the structure of the agricultural sub-sector, and take in the UK.In areas with poor forage (Scotland, the Massif Central in France, Pieniny) found a good development of the traditional extensive sheep.

Crop

Foreign Agricultural Europe, if we talk about the northern and western regions, as mentioned, focuses mainly on animal husbandry.Crop production in the countries with the European average type of its organization usually plays a secondary role, and focused primarily on helping cattle breeding and pig farming.Two-fifths of the land of this part of Europe occupied by foreign meadows and pastures.In the cultivated soils grown mainly potatoes, rye, oats and fodder crops.Recently, however, crop production in the countries with the European average type of management is becoming more independent branch.Primarily, this can be attributed to France.At the moment, this state is, for example, one of the largest importers of wheat and sugar.

Floriculture

Foreign Agricultural Europe in the northern and western countries, focused mainly on fodder crop.However, in this region there is one very well-developed sub-sector - flower.They specialize it mainly Netherlands.Grow bulbs, trees and shrubs ornamental plants in the country have started a long time ago - more than 400 years ago.The first tulips were brought to the Netherlands from Turkey.In a short span of time in Holland were brought thousands of varieties and varieties of this flower.At present, the Netherlands is one of the largest suppliers of ornamental plants - tulips, roses, chrysanthemums, daffodils, and so on. E. - In the world.

Feature agriculture abroad in Europe: the southern type

For countries with such an organization is characterized by specialization in the plant.Grown in the states of southern Europe including grain.However, the most popular are crops such as almonds, citrus fruits, vegetables and fruits.The lion's share of the agricultural production take the grapes and olives.

most striking examples of specialization in the southern subtropical crops are adjacent to the sea areas of Spain and Italy.The latter takes, for example, first in the world in the grape harvest.The annual harvest of vegetables in Italy is 14-15 million tons of fruit, citrus and grapes - 18-18 million tons. In the southern regions of Spain with the help of the ancient Roman irrigation systems, grown mainly cereals, cotton and tobacco.There is also very well-developed vegetable growing, viticulture and horticulture citrus.By collecting the olives Spain ranks first in the world.

Eastern European type of agriculture in countries such as Poland, Slovakia, Bulgaria and so on. E., Developed in the special economic conditions.In the middle of the last century in the region to actively create collective and state farms.Therefore, a pronounced specialization of these countries in European foreign agriculture have not.More or less clearly it is manifested only in the cultivation of vegetables, tobacco, fruit and grapes.Development in these regions and grain farming.Particularly good progress in this field has made Hungary crop.Grain yield in this country is 50 quintals per hectare.The per capita 1400 kg.In Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia and Croatia are grown mainly vegetables, fruits and grapes.

Agricultural foreign Europe (Table):

That's the way here about by industry and agriculture sub-sectors distributed abroad in Europe.The table, of course, not very detailed, but it gives a general idea of ​​its structure.