doctrine of noosphere combines a lot of paradigms seemingly have little in common disciplines: philosophy, economics, geology.What is unique about this concept?
story of the term
That is the noosphere, first told the world in his publications French mathematician Edouard Leroy in 1927.In just a few years before he attended several lectures of the outstanding Russian scientist Vladimir Vernadsky, concerning problems in geochemistry (and biogeochemistry).The noosphere - a special state of the biosphere in which the key role is played by the human mind.Man using intelligence, creates a "second nature" in addition to the existing one.
But at the same time, it is itself a part of nature.Therefore, the noosphere - is still the result of evolution taking place according to the following chain: the development of the world - the biosphere - the appearance of a man - and, finally, the emergence of the noosphere.At the same time, the concepts of Vernadsky, according to the researchers, there is no clear answer to the question: "noosphere already have, or will it just appear?"Scientist at the same time suggested that at a time when his granddaughter becomes an adult, the human mind, his creativity is likely to blossom and reveal themselves fully.And it may be an indirect sign of the emergence of the noosphere.
concept
Vernadsky Vernadsky's noosphere, as scientists believe, was due precisely to the site of "evolution" when the biosphere turning into noosphere.Vladimir in his book "Scientific thought as a planetary phenomenon," writes that the transition from the biosphere to the noosphere is possible when this process is influenced by scientific thought.
In addition, the researchers note, Vernadsky identified several conditions for the appearance of the noosphere.Among them, for example, the complete colonization of the planet people (in this case, place the biosphere simply do not stay).It is also improving communication and information exchange between people from different parts of the world (and this is thanks to the Internet already).Noosphere can occur when the Earth's geology will largely depend on the individual than on the nature.
Concept scientists followers
scientists of different areas, knowing the teachings of Vernadsky and his followers that a noosphere, created a few concepts that develop basic postulates of Russian researchers.According to AD Ursula, for example, the noosphere - is a system where the moral mind, values associated with intelligence, humanity will manifest itself in a matter of priority.The noosphere by Ursula humanity lives in harmony with nature, in the mode of joint participation in the evolutionary process.
If the doctrine of the noosphere Vernadsky implies preferential disappearance of the biosphere, then, as noted by modern scholars, the concept of the authors of today include abstracts that the noosphere and the biosphere is likely to exist at the same time.One possible criterion for the presence of the noosphere - according to modern scholars - may be to achieve the limit of human development, the maximum level of perfection of social and economic institutions.There is an imperative of the highest moral and cultural values.
Communication noosphere and human
man and the noosphere relate most directly.It is due to human activities and focus his mind appears noosphere (Vernadsky's doctrine says that's about it).There is a special era in the development of the geology of the planet.The person creating the specific environment for yourself, take some of the functions of the biosphere.People replace the natural, what already exists in nature, artificial.It appears environment where technique plays a significant role.
There are landscapes by also using managed by people of different types of machines.Is it true to say that the noosphere - the sphere of the human mind?Some researchers believe that human activity does not always depend on his understanding of how the world works.People tend to act, experimenting, making mistakes.Mind, if you stick to this concept is likely to be a factor in improving the technology as such, but not the condition for sustainable impact on the biosphere in order to convert it into the noosphere.
anthroposphere and Technosphere
noosphere theory in the works of some scientists is closely intertwined with the other two terms.Firstly, a "anthroposphere".The concept refers to the role and place of man and his activities in space.Anthroposphere - a collection of material spheres of life of the planet, which is responsible for the development of man alone.Second, is the "technosphere".There are two interpretations of the essence of the term.The first is that this phenomenon - it is a special case of interpretation anthroposphere.
Technosphere - is a set of areas of human activity, which is operated appliances.It can be as the planet itself, and space.According to the second interpretation of the technosphere - it is the land biosphere, which changes due to the process of human intervention.There is, incidentally, a group of scientists who identified the technosphere and the noosphere, and there are researchers in the understanding that the technosphere - intermediate between the biosphere and the noosphere.
Noospheric thinking
Along with the concept of "noosphere" is a term associated with a particular type of thinking.He appeared recently.This is the noospheric thinking.It is, according to some researchers, is characterized by several specific features.The most important of them - a high degree of criticality.Next - the internal setup man to improve the biosphere, to create wealth, contributing to this.An important part of the noospheric mind - the priority of public over private (especially in solving scientific problems).This desire to solve unusual and not solved by any task.Another component of the noospheric mind - the desire to understand the essence of the processes that occur in nature and society.
Noospheric education
among scientists is believed that not every person is predisposed to thinking of the nature of the noosphere.A lot of people and do not know what the noosphere.However, researchers believe that a person can be taught the art of development of this type of thinking.This should happen within the framework of the so-called noosphere education.The main emphasis of the training is placed on the capabilities of the human brain.
According to the theorists of noospheric education, people should learn to stimulate the emergence of a positive aspirations, craving for harmony with the environment, the desire to understand the essence of the objective processes taking place in society.If positive aspiration is thought the creators of the concept, to bring in a policy and solution of economic problems, humanity will make a huge step forward.
concept Teilhard de Chardin
In his treatise "The Phenomenon of Man," the French scientist Pierre Teilhard de Chardin has put forward several philosophies that affect the phenomenon of the noosphere.You can describe them briefly as follows: the person was not just an object of evolution, but its engine.According to the concepts of the scientist, the main source of intelligence - a reflection, a person's ability to know itself.The theory of Teilhard de Chardin and Vernadsky's concept combines the hypothesis about the appearance of a person.Both scientists believe that people are special and different from other living beings because of awareness of ourselves as individuals.The principal difference between the understanding of the noosphere of Teilhard de Chardin version is that it operates with such concepts as "Superman" and "space".
When the biosphere may turn into noosphere
doctrine of the noosphere is closely linked with the biosphere.As mentioned above, a transition of one field to another may occur in particular evolution.According to popular definition of the Biosphere - a system that provides the vital functions of the planet.It live organisms, their activity affects the circulation of the various elements and chemicals.In the course of the natural evolution of the biosphere produced a springboard for the emergence of human civilization, people have got to use agricultural crops, minerals.
In the course of development, in turn, the human civilization, they have acquired the tools by which an opportunity to influence on the biosphere.Among scientists there is a version that while this effect was not significant - the needs of people accounted for no more than 1% of the resources of the biosphere.But increasing numbers of developing imbalances: the biosphere is gradually losing the ability to provide all the necessary human completely.People are faced with the need to get what could give the biosphere on their own.And when the amount of self-sufficiency will be such that people will cease to use the resources of the biosphere, then there will be the noosphere.
value theory of the noosphere science
Vernadsky's noosphere is very serious impact on the understanding of civilization processes in the research of various profiles.Knowing what the noosphere (or at least bringing themselves to understanding this phenomenon), modern scientists get at the disposal of a valuable tool to construct models of the planet in the future.About the way it managed to Vernadsky, actually predicted the emergence of the Internet and some of the socio-economic achievements.Concept of the noosphere early 20th century give modern scholars a key to understanding evolution.The earliest signs indicating the possible presence of the noosphere on Earth were already in the Paleolithic and Mesolithic.Since then, the activity of the person associated with the impact on the biosphere, only increased.A powerful impetus to the transformation of the biosphere noosphere was the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century, today the least influential factor is the Internet.It is possible that mankind is waiting for more sophisticated means of communication and technology.
