surveying history started long ago - 5 thousand years ago.What is it - Mine surveying and mine surveying.Foreign words related to technology are often of German origin.Germany has always been a leader in the field of engineering.So many things related to various industries have German names.
What is it Markshejderija
whole industries related to mining, is called the Mine Surveying.The literal translation from German means "border separating" or mezhevschik.Mine Surveying involves determining the boundaries of thorough mining deposits, but it has been a precise definition of the composition of the deposit, its specific attitude, feasibility research - everything that is connected with the further development and optimum exploitation of the deposit.Surveyor collects all the data, followed by their technical rationale, conclusions and graphical representation on the plans drawn up.
only ancient hunting
Mine Surveying - one of the oldest branches of science and technology.The first mine workings dating back to IV-III centuries BC.They have survived in some parts of the world to this day, we were also calculations and design drawings to later developments.Some schemes made another papyri of illuminated - the water was colored blue, yellow sand.In the notes to the figures indicated that the preliminary geodetic measurements were conducted.And when surveying in the I century got its first device - diopter on which later was set up theodolite, the Surveying still being issued, but only became an independent branch of the Middle Ages.With the advent of mining areas, new problems arise, poses new challenges.Part of the field owned by several owners, and the boundaries between their areas had to be clearly defined on the ground and in its depths.This was the essence of the new discipline.At the same time, presumably arose and its name - "Surveying".
emergence of a new discipline appears
range of professionals involved in this case only, the art of mining measurements begin teaching in medieval universities.In the XV century the first professional device - Mining compass.The amount required for measurements in the tunnel mines and quarries equipment is steadily increasing, its structure becomes more complicated.For competent performance of work needed by professionals.Since the calculations have been working to secure a large number of people in the bowels of the earth, the engineers had to get higher mining education.
Russian Mine Surveying, like all mining and the entire industry, received a huge impetus to the development under Peter I. Taken as a basis for achieving the German industrial school complemented the discoveries of Russian craftsmen.In Russia, began publishing specialized scientific literature, created workshops for the manufacture of precision instruments (in the workshop at the Russian Academy of Sciences issued compasses, quadrants, astrolabes of very high quality), open universities, which produce high-class engineers.In the XVIII century in Russia opened the first educational institution (school) for the preparation of specialists only mining and mine surveying.And the recommendation of the mining and metallurgical industry in the Urals were instructed specified in the "Factory Rules" under the VI Item, that to the post of chief surveyor or mezhevschika, accepted only professionals of the highest level.
Color domestic surveying
general method of surveying surveys developed Lomonosov.For the formation and development of the national surveying done much Russian scientists such as GA Maksimovic, author of textbooks, PA Olyshev, invented Russian theodolite with eccentric pipe, G. Thieme, issued guidance on the use of theodolite and compass in minebusiness.The great merit of VI Bauman, the organizer of the two-Union Congress of Russian surveyors - in 1913 and 1921.In 1905 he published a work entitled "The Rate of Surveying Art" and in 1921 for the first time in Russia (Petrograd Mining Institute) has introduced a new specialty trains engineers-surveyors.It should be noted merits PM Lentovskogo who studied this science in France and Germany.On his return, he founded the first professional magazine on business and created a surveyor leveling machine.
In 1938 in Kharkov opened plant for the production of specialized equipment, which were released at different times Gyro M-1 and depth DA-2.
decent work - decent wages
In tsarist Russia, the profession of engineer has always been revered and well paid.Ipatiev House is named after the engineer Ipatiev, the last owner of the mansion.King's high-level technical worker could afford a luxury home and live comfortably.In Soviet times, the specialty "engineer surveyor" did not have any competition.Maybe now something will change for the better.
