Entomology - is one of the sections of zoology.It is based on the study of various insect species.Specific transcript is entomology.Words are combined in this ancient Greek.Namely ἔντομον - "insect" and λόγος - "teaching."There are a large number of insects.That is about 3 million species.So, to all of their study is required by a variety of specialists.
History of
Entomology - the science of nasekomoobraznyh.It originated in the XVI century.She began to improve rapidly, thanks to the development of culture and farming (apiculture).
many great biologists were interested in this science.She mastered Darwin, Nobel laureate Karl von Frisch, writer Vladimir Nabokov, Professor Edward Wilson.
What is studying entomology
Up to half of the XIX century, scientists studied the anatomy of the different kinds of insects, did the description of the skeleton and external organs.A little later, biologists began to improve in this area.They began studying insects, paying attention not only to the skeleton and organs, but also on parts of the body.It is a significant fact.
certain direction
Entomology - the science of nasekomoobraznyh types, consisting of several sections:
- Theoretical aspects of biological methods of plant protection.
- Effect of nutrients and abiogenous factors on the adaptive processes of insects.
- Ethology.
- ontogenesis and life cycles of insects.
- Entomofauna.
- evolution of insects.
- Population entomology.
- morphology and embryology of insects.
- Theoretical Foundations of practical entomology.
- Geographical distribution.
- Systematics.
- Paleontology.
Description of the directions
Every year biologists have been studying insects in order to determine what they need and what is their place in nature.While many studies of various beetles began to divide into harmful and useful types.In other words, entomology - the study of insects, whose main purpose is to study the behavior and characteristics of insect pests, as well as to identify effective methods of combating them.
primarily want to focus on a certain fact.That is, of all that studying entomology, scientists are more interested in some insect species, which may be the main carriers of many diseases.This, in turn, is very harmful to human health.Also, equally important was the study of insects that bring harm not only the person, but the crop plants.This detailed study yielded interesting and effective results.It has been observed breeding, parasitism, and so on. D.
The studies were carried out practical measures to combat with these insects.We used knowledge of the form and the way of life of each pest.Due to the more detailed biological research and monitoring of their life, scientists were able to develop the means to destroy them.Therefore entomology - the science, which is an important character.Through trial and error, we developed two methods of pest control.Namely, certain spraying the plants with toxic substances.This procedure contributes to the destruction of these insects.However, it is harmful to human health.Keep in mind that, first of all, entomology - the science of beetles and other various insects.Obtained knowledge of them will be used for different studies in the future.
relationship with different kinds of
Existence of Entomology, its practical value and development can be found in specialized publications and magazines.After reading this information, it becomes clear that the relationship between some types of insects are very complex.It was always interesting to observe the life of the insects from the science.And this knowledge in practice.Especially entertaining were observation data from both the practical and theoretical point of view.It turns out that in many species of beetles are common phenomena such as parasitism and symbiosis.In the first case - it is when one insect lives at the expense of another.In the second - mutual support to each other.
often parasites can occur in Diptera and in membranous types.Not once was seen important fact.It lies in the fact that some species of parasites may exist due to a certain type of insect, and others may be polyphagous.It is important to remember.There were times when the parasites live at the expense of others, and then the third and fourth.With regards to the symbiosis, this phenomenon has been observed among the termites, ants.In the community can live with them many other insect species.Their lives are interconnected.So there was such a thing as termitofiliya and myrmecophily.
main categories entomology
In this case, there are several provisions.Entomology - the science of insects - also divided into several categories.Each of them involves a certain direction.In this case:
- Private entomology insects.It includes such disciplines:
- melittology (the study of bees).
- Blattopterologiya or diktiopterologiya (cockroaches, ants).
- Dipterologiya (the study of mosquitoes and flies).
- Gimenopterologiya (the study of bees, wasps, riders pylilschikov, termites).
- coleopterology (the study of Coleoptera).
- lepidopterist (research Lepidoptera).
- myrmecology (the study of termites.
- Odonatologiya (dragonflies).
- Ortopterologiya (the study of family locusts, crickets).
- Trihopterologiya (study of caddis flies).
- General Entomology. She studies the structure, evolution, diversityinsects, livelihoods, personal development and their habitat.
- Applied Entomology. It is a science about the fauna, which includes several areas. Each of them has nemaloznachimy character. Namely:
- forest entomology.
- Veterinary.
- Medical.
- Agricultural Entomology. She is studying a particular type of insect. And it is those that are harmful to crops, plants, animals and man. It also studies the insects involved in the pollination of plants.
- forensic entomology.In this case, hold a certain direction.That is, this Entomology - the science of insects pertaining to forensic science that studies the types that may appear on the body of a person after his death.In other words, using a different stage of development of the larvae of blowflies can set the period of the corpse.This Entomology - the science that has certain criteria.For example, if a corpse no larvae or eggs, then the death was not more than four hours ago.But if they are, it is killing after 6-12 hours. But if passed day, the body can be detected larger larvae.After 36 h., They increase in size.But if you took two weeks, then begin their pupation.The Chinese in the early days of forensic entomology in the XIII century, began using maggots to reveal the murder cases.
Universities studying this science
problems associated with the study of insects in Russia, decide in the following institutions:
- In the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University (Moscow).
- In the laboratory study of entomology in the Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (Biology and Soil Institute).It is located in the city of Vladivostok.
- The Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Evolutionary Morphology).It is located in Moscow.
- Institute.Schmalhausen.It is located in Kiev.
- The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.Location - Kyiv.
- Issues related to forest and agricultural entomologists are studying at the Russian Institute of Plant Protection.It is located in the suburbs of St. Petersburg.As well as all institutions of higher education, which remained after the Soviet Union engaged in the study of flora.Including in the industry research institute.
- Problems with medical entomology decide in RAMS.This Institute of malaria and parasitic diseases.
- also explore the data held in other institutions.Namely, in the German Entomological school and the Baltic Institute coleopterology.
Among the many institutions of higher learning said science for five years was selected about 25 545 articles devoted to entomology.
According to their level, it was noted only 5 institutions.Namely: University of Florida, California, Riverside Cornell Davis, Texas A & amp; M.
Departments studying entomology
them there is a considerable amount.However, the main ones were created:
- In the Kuban Agrarian University.The department was created in 1968.
- At the University.Lomonosov Moscow in 1925. There have been created the Faculty of Biology and Department of Entomology.
- At the University.Timiryazev (ICCA).The department was created in 1920.
- In Saint-Petersburg State University.
- In Saratov the respective institution was also established the Department of Entomology.Namely, the State Agrarian University.Vavilov.
- There was also established the Department of Entomology at the Stavropol higher education.It is at the State Agrarian University.Vavilov.
Organizations involved in entomology
In 1859 KMBaer and Academician Semenov-Tyan-Shan created the Russian society to study entomology.In Soviet times, he had a certain name - "All-Union Entomological Society."
Such organizations are based in different countries.Namely:
- France.
- UK.
- Germany (Entomologischer Verein zu Stettin).
- Holland.
- Belgium.
- Russia.
- America (est. 1867).
- Philadelphia (est. 1859).
- Canada.
- Italy.
- Cambridge.
- Germany.
and other entomological community are:
- Ukraine.
- Britain.
- Japan.
- Brazil.
- Argentina.
- Venezuela.
- Spain (Asociación Entomolóxica Galega, Asociación Española de Entomología, Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa, Sociedad Andaluza de Entomología (boletín), Sociedad Española de Entomología Aplicada).
- Colombia.
- Mexico.
- Chile.There
and the International Society: International Society of Hymenopterists, USA, International Palaeoentomological Society.
well established International Union for the Study of Social Insects.
Editorial
main periodic publications on Russian science are specified:
- «Entomological Review".It fully describe the intricacies of this direction.
- «Proceedings of the All-Union Entomological Society."
also appeared publications:
- Zoosystematica Rossica (1993).
- «Russian Entomological Journal."Releases it began in 1992.
- «Eurasian Entomological Journal" (2002), and so on. D.
Many systematic descriptions of the insects in the territory of the Russian Federation is available in the multi-volume "of Russia and adjacent countries (the Soviet Union)."This type of literature is published in many countries around the world.
Conclusion
read this text, everyone will be able to answer the question that studying entomology, what areas it affects.It should only read carefully the above.Also, it can be found on this website, as "molbiol."Entomology there explained in more detail.In general we can tell much about this science.It is fraught with a lot of interesting and useful for humanity.The main thing - to have an interest in this area.And if you get to the very essence of Entomology, it will be quite entertaining and instructive science.
