Nursultan Nazarbayev - president (first and only) of the Kazakh SSR (1990-1991) and the Republic of Kazakhstan (December 1991 - present).In 1984-1989 he headed the Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR, and then became the first secretary of the Communist Party.Is the title of "Leader of the Nation".In 2011, the people re-elected Nursultan Nazarbayev for the fourth time.In this article you will be presented biography of the president of Kazakhstan.You will also learn about how many years Nursultan Nazarbayev.Let's get started.
Parents
Nursultan Nazarbayev was born in the village of Chemolgan (Alma-Ata region of Kazakh SSR) in 1940.The parents of the future president engaged in agriculture.Father - Abish - came from beating Nazarbaya family, and his mother - Alzhan - from a family of village mullahs Kasyk.Father Nursultan was cheerful and respected man.In addition to the Kazakh, he knew Russian and Balkar languages.Abish beautifully sang Russian and Kazakh songs, was always happy to guests and was able to give good advice.Now you know how old Nazarbayev.Briefly describe the president's family.
Family
Nazarbayev's biography contains the data of his ancestry to the 12th tribe.Nursultan Nazarbayev himself knew her from childhood.In the eighth generation of his direct ancestor was Karasai Batyr, known for his exploits in the war against Zhungars (1640-1680 biennium).Nursultan Nazarbayev called Santa.According to archival documents in 1880, he was a wealthy man, had a water mill was conducted to it aryk.
When in 1991 he published a book, "Without the left and right", the Kazakhs have learned not only how many years, Nazarbayev, and read about all his relatives.
- Sister - Anipa.
- Brothers - Satybaldy and Bulat.
- wife - Sarah Alpysovna.Currently heads the charitable fund "The Kid."
- Daughters: Dariga - Member of Parliament, divorced;Aliya - engaged in business, led by the construction company "Elitstroy";Dinara - is a major shareholder of National Bank of Kazakhstan, the state has 1.3 billion dollars.
- Nursultan have 8 grandchildren and 2 great-grandchildren already.
Education and early years
With 18 years he was a laborer.In 1960, the future president of Kazakhstan finished a vocational school in the city of Dneprodzerzhinsk.In 1967 graduated in the technical colleges at the Karaganda Metallurgical Combine, the specialty "metallurgical engineer."
Early career
Employment History Nazarbayev started in construction management "Domenstroy", where he worked for nine years - from 1960 to 1969.This Nursultan managed to combine career with education.His tenacity has not gone unnoticed, and in 1969, Nazarbayev made the head of the transport and industrial department in Temirtau city committee.In addition, the future president was transferred to liberated Komsomol work.Manual knew how old Nazarbayev, but in spite of his young age Nursultan identified his place in the Committee of Youth of the Secretary.He later joined deputies of the regional council and became a member of the Party Committee.
From 1973 to 1984 he served as Secretary of Nursultan.I only organization in which he worked.Nazarbayev worked in the regional committee of the party, and the party committee metallurgical plant, and even in the Communist Party.
Rise career
turning point in his work came in 1980, when Nursultan became a deputy of the Supreme Council.In this position, he worked for ten years.During this time, Nazarbayev came as a member of the Central Auditing Commission of the CPSU and showed itself as a responsible and competent person.
particularly important for the future of the president of Kazakhstan was in 1984, when he was appointed Chairman of the Council of Ministers.The government knew how old Nazarbayev.He was only 44 years old.Thus, Nursultan Nazarbayev became the youngest prime minister republican.
next five years of hard work paid off, and Nazarbayev was elected deputy of the USSR.In mid-1989, he resigned as President of the Council of Ministers, to take the post of first secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan.
grand victory
April 1990 was the happiest of his career Nursultan Nazarbayev.He was elected president of the Kazakh SSR.The victory was immense.In the elections, he scored 99 percent out of 100. Its success he repeated in 1999, extending his presidential term of 7 years.In 2005, Nazarbayev did not come down from his usual position.After all, the people of Kazakhstan once again gave him the palm.In the early elections in 2011 Nursultan Nazarbayev was re-elected for the fourth time.So, how old Nazarbayev, in power at the moment?In July this year will be exactly 26 date for new elections - December 2016.
Partisanship
Before the collapse of the Soviet Union Nursultan Nazarbayev was in the Communist Party.The Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan has an article that prohibits the head of state to belong to any political party or to lead it.Despite this, Nazarbayev supported the party "Nur Otan".He led her in 2007, when the Constitution was amended.
Criticism
Nursultan Nazarbayev criticized on four main points: freedom of expression, corruption, the cult of the individual and human rights.Let us examine them in detail.
Freedom of speech
International organization "Reporters without borders" has repeatedly noted violations of the freedom of speech in Kazakhstan.Rating freedom of expression in the media by Freedom house puts this country at 175 th place out of 197. Anton Spout (media director "LiveJournal") called the lock of the resource in Kazakhstan means obscurantist theocracies and totalitarian dictatorships.And the aforementioned "Reporters without Borders" Nazarbayev made the list of "predators" media, which was published in the International Press Freedom Day.
Corruption
Transparency International in 2004 awarded Kazakhstan 122 th in the world in terms of corruption.The total number of countries in the list - 146 2.2 out of 10 - that was the total score of Kazakhstan.Note that if the point number 3 below, it indicates the presence of the country's "rampant corruption".Nursultan Nazarbayev announced last "holy war", issued a manifesto entitled "10 anti-corruption."The document would sign a number of measures to combat this phenomenon at all levels of society and the state.However, any results that did not lead.In late 2013 Kazakhstan dropped to 140th place.
number of international NGOs Nazarbayev charged the Government to create the appearance of fighting corruption.Although the presidency of the European Organization for Cooperation and Security in 2010, many activists in the state and beyond say that to solve the problem "of corruption" and "human rights abuses" by the government of Kazakhstan is almost no effort.Samu Nazarbayev family embroiled in a series of investigations into the killings, bribery and money laundering carried out by foreign governments.
«Kazakhgate" was the most notorious corruption case in Kazakhstan.It all started with the fact that in 1999, Swiss investigators have frozen several bank accounts that belonged to Kazakh officials higher echelons of power (including Nazarbayev).It turned out that the money for this account transfer American oil companies.A year later joined the United States in the investigation and froze several accounts, the owner of which was (in their assumptions) Nursultan Nazarbayev.The total amount of confiscated assets amounted to $ 1 billion.In 2007, the Kazakh authorities to waive all claims for the money, and in 2010, the US Justice Department withdrew all charges and Nazarbayev closed the case.
personality cult
Many journalists noted the existence of a cult of personality of Nursultan Nazarbayev.In the past few years, many Kazakh officials and elites actively support this trend.Opponents of the president's claim that the country has long been a cult of personality at the Nazarbayev.However, the party Nursultan colleagues disagree.There is also a view that, in the event of a cult of personality Nazarbayev "guilty" by the people.
Human Rights
From the perspective of non-governmental and governmental observers and human rights in Kazakhstan has always been a problem area.According to the company Freedom House, which conducts research on the territory of Kazakhstan, political rights in the country have a rating - 6, and civil liberties - 5 (using a scale from 1 to 7, where the number 1 - the highest rate).That is, during the reign of Nazarbayev society recognizes "not free."
Author of
- «Epicenter of Peace".
- «Without the left and right."
- «Kazakhstan's way".
- «On the threshold of the 21st century."
- «Kremlin dead end."
- «In the flow of history" and others.
Author articles
- «Critical decade".
- «The master prudence."
- «Economic integration - there is no reasonable alternative."
- «SOLUTIONS Aral Sea region."
- «The new conditions, the old brakes."
- «Effect associations: problems and experience."
- «Economy of Kazakhstan: Prospects and Reality»
- «Eurasian space: the implementation of the integration potential" and others.
Titles
In May 2010, the deputies of the Majilis adopted a package of bills that gave the hero of this article the status of leader of the nation.This status is assigned to Nursultan Nazarbayev to the end of life does not depend on how many years, President Nazarbayev will take up his post.That is in any case he will be involved in the coordination of initiatives being developed concerning both domestic and foreign policy.In addition, Nazarbayev himself and all the members of his family shall be exempt from criminal liability.
image culture
In 2011 came a few pictures depicting the image of President Nursultan Nazarbayev.Of these, the audience learned about how old Nazarbayev (Kazakhstan's president is currently 74 years), as well as familiar with the key moments of his biography.Separately want to say about the film "The Sky of My Childhood".The movie tells about his childhood and youth Nazarbayev.Also note the drama "Teren tamyrlar" who have dedicated to the 20th anniversary of Kazakhstan's independence.
Interests
Everyone knows how many years now and Nazarbayev are surprised that at that age beautifully president plays golf, tennis, and enjoys skiing.
Interesting facts
- December 1 in Kazakhstan celebrate President's Day, which falls into the category of public holidays.
- rated edition of Handelsblatt, Nazarbayev is in the top 10 richest rulers of the planet with their countries unlimited power.With a fortune of $ 1.1 billion Nursultan Nazarbayev took 10th place.
- The Kazakh Criminal Code has an article providing as punishment for an attack on the life of the leader of the country's death penalty.And it applies even if the attempt ended in failure.
- in the Chechen Republic, Jordan and Turkey named after him several streets.
- is one of two champions on the term in office.This raises a logical question: "How many years ruled by Nazarbayev?" Answer: 26 years.Post the first person in the country, he took in 1989.The second champion - Islam Karimov (president Uzbekistan).
- general condition of the Nazarbayev clan - $ 7 billion.
- In Ukraine, Turkey and Almaty are monuments to him.
- In 2013, the website of the newspaper "New York Times" made a rating of the worst dictators of Asia.It was Nursultan Nazarbayev.How old president was in power, and what progress achieved during this time his country, the publication did not care.The main aim was to attract readers.
- In 2014, a French geopolitical center for the Study of Crime was held the contest "Best dictator of the year."Nursultan Nazarbayev took first place, winning 100 Euros.
- In February 2014, Nazarbayev proposed to rename in Kazakhstan Kazak.Against the background of the devaluation of the national currency, this statement has caused a mixed reaction in the community.
