Fascism and crimes forever remain inseparable concepts.Since entering the bloody ax of war Nazi Germany over the world, innocent blood was shed a huge number of victims.
origin of the first concentration camps
Once in power in Germany, the Nazis came - began to create the first "factory of death".Concentration camp - is deliberately equipped center, designed for mass forced imprisonment and detention of political prisoners and prisoners of war.The very name of this day for many is dire.Concentration camps in Germany were the seat of the persons, who were suspected of maintaining the anti-fascist movement.The first concentration camps were located directly in the Third Reich.According to the "emergency decrees Reich President for the Protection of People and State" were arrested for an unspecified row all those who are hostile to the Nazi regime took.
But once the war began - such institutions have become a giant machine that suppressed and destroyed large numbers of people.Concentration camps in Germany during the Great Patriotic War were filled with millions of prisoners: Jews, Communists, Poles, Roma, Soviet citizens and others.Among the many reasons for the deaths of millions of people were following principal:
- cruel mockery;
- disease;
- poor conditions;
- depletion;
- hard physical labor;
- inhumane medical experiments.
Development brutal system
total number of corrective labor institutions at that time was about 5000.German concentration camp during World War II had a different purpose and capacity.Distribution of racial theory in 1941 led to the camps, or "factories of death", the walls of which are systematically killing the Jews first, and then the people who belong to other "inferior" peoples.The camps were set up in the occupied territories of Eastern Europe.
first phase of development of this system is characterized by the construction of the camps on German territory, which had maximum similarity with the holds.They have been provided for the maintenance of the opponents of the Nazi regime.At the time, they were about 26 thousand prisoners, completely enclosed from the outside world.Even in the event of a fire rescue workers had no right to stay in the camp.
second phase - 1936-1938 is the year when the number of prisoners grew rapidly and required for new jails.As part of those arrested were homeless and those who do not want to work.To carry out a kind of cleansing society from anti-social elements, which is a shame the German nation.This time, the construction of such well-known camps like Sachsenhausen and Buchenwald.Later, in exile began to send Jews.
third phase of development of the system begins almost simultaneously with the Second World War and lasts until the beginning of 1942.The number of prisoners living in a concentration camp in Germany during World War II, increased almost twice due to the French prisoners of war, Poles, Belgians and people of other nations.At this time, the number of inmates in Germany and Austria is much less than the number of those who are in the camps, built in the conquered territories.
During the fourth and last phase (1942-1945) greatly enhanced the persecution of Jews and Soviet prisoners of war.The number of prisoners is about 2.5-3 million.
Nazis organized the "death factory" and other similar institutions of detention in the territories of different countries.The most significant among them is the concentration camp in Germany, where the following list:
- Buchenwald;
- Galle;
- Dresden;
- Dusseldorf;
- Katbus;
- Ravensbrück;
- Schlieben;
- Spremberg;
- Dachau;
- Essen.
Dachau - the first camp
among the first in Germany was established Dachau camp, located near the eponymous small town near Munich.It was a kind of model for the future of the Nazi prisons.Dachau - Concentration Camp, which has existed for 12 years.In conclusion, it served a great number of German political prisoners and antifascists prisoners, clerics, political and social activists from almost all European countries.
In 1942 on the territory of southern Germany begins to build systems consisting of 140 additional camps.All of them belonged to the "Dachau" and contained more than 30 thousand prisoners used in a variety of heavy work.Among the prisoners were treated and the famous anti-fascist believers Martin Niemöller, Gabriel V and Nikolai Velimirovic.
Officially Dachau was not designed to kill people.But, despite this, the official death toll is around 41,500 prisoners of people.But the real number is much higher.
also outside these walls carries out a variety of medical experiments on human beings.In particular, there have been experiments involving the study of the influence of height on the human body and the study of malaria.In addition, the prisoners carried out tests of new drugs, styptic.
Dachau concentration camp with a very bad reputation, released April 29, 1945 military 7th Army US Armed Forces.
«Work makes you free»
This phrase from metal bukovok placed above the main entrance to the Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz is a symbol of terror and genocide.
Due to the increasing number of Poles arrested there a need for a new place of detention.In 1940-1941, from the territory of the Polish city of Oswiecim and the surrounding villages were evicted all residents.This place is meant for education camp.
It consisted of:
- Auschwitz I;
- Auschwitz-Birkenau;
- Auschwitz-Buna (or Auschwitz III).
Surrounded by the whole camp located towers and barbed wire, which is under electric voltage.The exclusion zone was located at a great distance outside the camps and had the name "area of interest".
prisoners were brought here in the trains from all over Europe.Thereafter, they were divided into 4 groups.The first, consisting primarily of Jews unfit for work people immediately sent to the gas chambers.
Representatives of the second to perform a variety of work in the industry.In particular, prison labor was used at the refinery "Buna Werke", engaged in the production of gasoline, and synthetic rubber.
third of the new arrivals were those who had a congenital physical abnormalities.These were mostly twins and dwarfs.They went to the "core" concentration camp for anti-human and sadistic experiments.
The fourth group consisted of specially selected women who acted as servants and personal slaves of the SS.They also confiscated assorted personal items arriving prisoners.
Mechanism Final Solution
Every day in the camp were more than 100,000 prisoners, who lived on 170 hectares of land in 300 barracks.They were engaged in the construction of the first prisoners.The barracks were made of wood and had no foundation.In winter, these areas have been particularly cold, because they are heated by 2 small furnaces.
Crematorium in Auschwitz Birkenau were placed at the end of the tracks.They were combined with gas chambers.Each of them was taken on 5 triple ovens.Other crematoriums were smaller and consisted of one vosmimufelnoy oven.All of them worked almost around the clock.Break made only to clean the furnace from human ashes and unburned fuel.All of this was exported to the near field, and pour into a special hole.
Each gas chamber holds about 2500 people, they died for 10-15 minutes.Then their bodies were transferred to the crematorium.In their place were already prepared other prisoners.
large number of corpses could not always accommodate the crematoria, so in 1944 they began to burn in the street.
Some facts from the history of Auschwitz
Auschwitz - concentration camp, whose history includes a commission of approximately 700 escape attempts, half of which was completed successfully.But even if someone managed to escape - once the arrests were carried out all his relatives.They were also sent to the camps.The prisoners, who lived with escape into one unit, were killed.This method prevented the death camps of trying to escape.
release of this "factory of death" was held on January 27, 1945.100 Infantry Division, General Fyodor Krasavina occupied the camp.In living at that time there were only 7,500.The Nazis during their retreat killed or taken to the Third Reich more than 58 thousand prisoners.
Before our time does not know the exact number of lives which are taken away to Auschwitz.Soul how many prisoners roam there to this day?Auschwitz - concentration camp, whose history is made up of the lives of 1.1-1.6 million prisoners.He became a sad symbol of the outrageous crime against humanity.
Guarded detention camps for women only
huge concentration camp for women in Germany was Ravensbruck.It was designed for the maintenance of 30 thousand people, but at the end of the war there were more than 45 thousand prisoners.These included Russian and Polish women.A significant part were Jewish.This women's concentration camp was not officially designed for different prisoners of bullying, but also those of a formal ban was absent.
Upon admission to the Ravensbruck women took away everything they had.They completely stripped, washed, shaved and given work clothes.After that prisoner distributed in the barracks.
before entering the camp selected the most healthy and able-bodied women, the rest - were destroyed.Those who survived, performed various jobs related to the construction and sewing workshop.
Toward the end of the war, it built a crematorium and a gas chamber.Prior to this, if necessary, carried out mass executions and solitary.Man sent ash as fertilizer on the fields surrounding the female concentration camp, or simply poured into the Gulf.
Elements of humiliation and experiences in Ravesbryuke
The most important element of humiliation attributed numbering, mutual responsibility and unbearable living conditions.Also Ravesbryuka feature is the presence of the hospital, designed for experiments on human beings.Here, the Germans carried out the testing of new drugs, pre-infecting or mutilating prisoners.The number of prisoners is rapidly decreasing in relation to the regular cleaning and selection, during which destroyed all the women who have lost the ability to work or have a poor appearance.
At the time of the liberation of the camp was about 5 thousand people.The rest of the prisoner were either killed or deported to other concentration camps of Nazi Germany.Finally, women prisoners were released in April 1945.
concentration camp in Salaspils
first Salaspils concentration camp was created in order to keep the Jews in it.They were brought back from Latvia and other European countries.The first construction work was carried out by Soviet prisoners of war who were in Stalag 350, located nearby.
Since the start of construction at the time the Nazis destroyed almost all the Jews in Latvia, the camp turned out to be unclaimed.In this regard, in May 1942 in an empty room Salaspilsa made prison.It contained all those who shied away from labor service, sympathized with the Soviet government, and other opponents of the regime of Hitler.These people were sent to die an agonizing death.The camp was not like other similar establishments.There were no gas chambers or crematoria.Nevertheless, there were destroyed about 10 thousand prisoners.
Children Salaspils concentration camp Salaspils
was the place of detention of children, which are used in order to provide them with the blood of the wounded German soldiers.After the procedure, blood withdrawal, most juvenile prisoners died very quickly.
They were housed in separate barracks and deprived of even the minimum primitive care.But it is not cold and terrible living conditions were the main cause of death of children, and conducting experiments for which they were used as experimental.
small number of prisoners who died in the walls of Salaspils, has more than 3 thousand.It is only the children of the concentration camps, who are under 5 years old.Some of the bodies burned, while the rest were buried in the Garrison Cemetery.Most of the children died because of the ruthless blood pumping.
fate of people who were in a concentration camp in Germany during World War II, was tragic and after release.It would seem that may still be scared!After the Nazi forced labor institutions, they were taken prisoner of the Gulag.Their relatives and children were repressed, and former prisoners themselves were considered "traitors".They only work on the most difficult and low-paying jobs.Only a few of them later managed to break out in people.
Concentration camps in Germany - is evidence of the terrible and inexorable truth of the deepest decline of humanity.
