In the era of nuclear weapons and nuclear power is not easy to stay away from what is happening and why radiation safety standards acquired special urgency.Their knowledge may help to adequately assess the situation that may arise in the event of a nuclear disaster.Despite the fact that the Cold War is long over, the danger of weapons of mass destruction did not stop svoёgo existence and peaceful atom has often led to dreadful consequences.The most tragic example is the Chernobyl accident, when the permissible levels of radiation overstatement tenfold, if not not taken into account.Many liquidators and affected about it knew practically nothing.
In the Russian Federation, Ukraine and many other states are set generally accepted standards of radiation safety.They are enshrined in law and departmental regulations.First of all, radiation safety standards relating to employees of nuclear power plants, radiation-insecure military and other objects.
Going from generalized knowledge about these rules, you need to immediately characterize and specify them.Most directories treats radiation safety standards as limiting human exposure to radiation doses that are considered to be relatively harmless to health.In the scientific sense, they are advisory in nature.Mostly, such rules are established with respect to integrable radiation dose from all sources of radiation that affects the person during the year.
Doses are measured in grays and rads.This is a fairly generalized one, does not take into account the fact that the effects of similar doses of different types of radiation implies a variety of biological damage.For example, a dose of 1 rad alpha radiation causes greater than about 20 times the biological damage than 1 rad of gamma or beta radiation.Radiation safety standards with the biological effects of such differences is calculated using the type of radiation quality factor (relative biological effectiveness) - the value of which is approximately certain.
more objective assessment of the effects of radiation to a specific living organism is carried out taking into account the so-called equivalent (effective) doses.It is determined by multiplying the absorbed dose (rad in) Emissivity quality assurance (QA) unit is considered off-system it is biological.equiv.glad (edges).In the SI system the dose equivalent is expressed in Sievert (Sv).1 Sv = 1 J / kg = 1 Gy, 1 Sv = 100 edges.Allowable rate of radiation in accordance with fixed standards for humans is not more than 0.1 Azur (except for natural sources of radiation).Professionals working with artificial radiation sources (employees of nuclear power plants, for example) should not receive irradiation for the year of more than 5 edges.
thus necessary to be able to calculate and compare the rate of radiation.There are also many individual radiation measuring instruments available on the open market.If there is danger of emergencies related to the radiation threat, it is important to remember the need for personal protective equipment and sorbents.
