When you select a source of drinking water of centralized water supply, priority is given to artesian (pressure) waters.From the dirt, they are protected from the surface layers of impermeable rock.In the absence of such transfer to the other: non-pressure horizons groundwater.Required analysis of water from the well, the results of which evaluated the quality of natural waters, and their compliance with the regulatory requirements of drinking water.Use a well for drinking water supply may be subject to a positive conclusion issued by the territorial authority Rospotrebnadzor.
Sampling
reliability of the results of chemical and bacteriological examination depends on the direction in which utensils and how samples were taken as soon after sampling carried out the analysis of the water from the well.
Precedes sampling of pumping water from the well to a full clarification of the jet and a constant dynamic level.Chemical indicators need not be determined 72 hours later.If this is not possible, then the sample is cooled and canned (in the laboratory).Water samples delivered later loses its properties and the results are always unreliable.Bacteriological water properties must be determined within days after sampling.
for chemical analysis of water from wells sampled in plastic containers.Suitable clean glass or plastic (new or out of mineral water) bottle.They were rinsed several times with water withdrawn.Bottles filled so that the dish was left in the air bubbles.The amount of sample depends on what kind of analysis will be conducted.To 1.5 L Acronym enough for complete - 3 liters.
to radiological analysis of water is poured slowly through the hose stream, dropped to the bottom of the bottle, to avoid volatilization of radon.
Dishes for samples for bacteriological tests will give the laboratory of SES.There will instruct how to select the sample.Better if it will make laboratory.Delivery time sample - not more than two hours.Analysis of water from the well SES holds immediately.
Quality indicators
Drinking water should be: with the favorable organoleptic properties (ie, that a person perceived by the senses), harmless chemical composition, safe in the radiation and bacteriological relations.
drinking water is estimated to physical, radiological, chemical and microbiological properties.
physical properties
The water temperature is measured at the sampling site.The constancy of this indicator in different seasons is a guarantee of the lack of surface water inflow.
Smell and taste with a touch of well defined on the spot or within 2 hours of the selection.By origin smells can be: natural (marsh, putrid, hydrogen sulphide, fish, etc.) or artificial (phenol, camphor, chlorine, resin, etc.).
best drinking water - odorless and tasteless.Water is allowed to use in the evaluation of taste and smell 2 points.
Water transparency related to the presence in it of suspensions and colloids.The norm of this indicator for drinking water is 30 cm. If the transparency of less than 10 cm, mandatory defined by the suspended particles.
water color - painting, caused by various substances (humic, tannin, iron colloids).Allowed index with a value of not more than 20 degrees, or up to 35 with the concurrence of the Chief Sanitary Doctor of the territory.
Turbidity according to the standard permissible level of 1.5 mg / l, but no more.
water conductivity is directly dependent on the salt content.
Chemical indicators
analysis of water from wells in the mandatory definition includes:
- active reaction (pH) - the degree of acidity or alkalinity, quantified the concentration of hydrogen ions.Limits index 6.5-8.5.
- alkalinity - the content of salts of organic acids.
- Total hardness - the total value of calcium and magnesium ions.For drinking purposes allowable concentration of not more than 7 mEq per liter.
- Solids - characterizes the presence of impurities.In drinking water, this figure must not be greater than 1000 mg per liter.
- nitrogen compounds - they include ammonia, nitrite (nitrous acid) and nitrates (nitric acid).They are "markers" of water pollution.If the water has ammonia, but no nitrites - fresh decomposition of protein compounds.Sharing their presence speaks of a certain period from the date of initial contamination.If no ammonia but contains nitrites and especially nitrate - water is self-cleaning.Pollution ago.The drinking purposes is permissible to use water with traces of ammonia and nitrite.Nitrates allowed no more than 10 mg / l.The concentration of a contaminant in drinking water of 50 mg per liter of blood violates the oxidative function.
- Oxidation (the amount of oxygen consumption equivalent oxidant) groundwater is characterized by not more than 5 mg / l O2.
- Hydrogen sulfide - in addition to the unpleasant odor of rotten eggs, makes water corrosiveness causes overgrowth of pipes due to the development of sulfur bacteria.
- Dissolved oxygen - at any time of the year no less than 4 mg per liter.
- Iron (total content) - no more than 0.3 mg per liter of water.
- Sulfates - not more than 500, chloride - no more than 350 mg per liter of water.
- Microcomponents (allowable values are given in mg per liter): Arsenic - not more than 0.05;fluoro - no more than 1.5 for the I and II climatic areas and no more than 1.2 mg / L for the climatic region III;Copper - not more than 1;Zinc - less than 5;manganese - less than 0.1.
complete analysis of water wells and other microcomponents contains mercury, lead, strontium, cadmium, molybdenum, selenium, cyanides.
Microbiological
total bacterial count - no more than 50 colonies of microbes in 1 ml of water oprobyvat.In a 100 ml sample of coliform thermotolerant and total bacteria should not be.
Radiation Safety Standards
drinking water limit values of indicators (unit Bq / l):
- total radioactivity of alpha particles of 0.1;
- total radioactivity beta particles 1.0.
Other information
responsibility for defining hygiene standards underground water lies with the supplier, referred to in the Russian legislation abstractor.Under water law, it is obliged to license its activity and obtain a license for the extraction of underground waters.This document establishes a list of analytes, and the frequency with which the analysis of the water from the well.Rospotrebnadzor has accredited laboratories in all Russian cities.This federal agency monitors and supervises the quality of supplied water.You can order the execution of any other analysis in the lab, but definitely accredited to perform these analyzes.Before you begin to piped drinking water, the water user shall obtain the opinion of the territorial chief sanitary doctor for analysis of water from wells.Price definition of one indicator is approximately about 450 rubles.
