Migrant workers - are foreigners working for temporary employment.The word originated from German and literally translates as "guest-worker".In Russia, it is jargon and often perceived by people as having a negative connotation.In our country the concept of "guest workers" has become widespread since the late 1990s, first in the media, and then in the conversation.
term history
In German the word was coined to replace the concept of "fremdarbaytery" which the Nazi era called the people brought to Germany for forced labor.The new term was devoid of negative connotation inherent in the old, and had a slightly different meaning.In the understanding of the German guest workers - are employees volunteered at the invitation of the German government to enter the country for work.
In Russian, the word was used first, with the accent on the second syllable (German style), but later the emphasis shifted to one syllable closer to the end.In the CIS, the flow of migrants was not, as in Germany, caused by invitation of the government, so the term is perceived ironic.Often, the electronic media can be seen making fun of visitors workers movies and photos.Migrant workers in the CIS is considered abusive application of this concept to them.
Suppliers migrants
In general terms, migrant workers - are from countries that are the poorest in economic terms.They are cheap, but at the same time most of the unskilled labor force.Previously, foreign suppliers operating in Europe are Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, Russia, Italy, Poland, the former Yugoslavia (except Slovenia), Spain, Portugal, Ireland.
Currently, the largest share of the total number of migrants in the CIS up Tajik, Ukrainian, Chinese, Uzbek migrant workers, as well as people from Albania, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, Moldova, India.In Europe, the CIS leader in the absolute number of migrants, and in the world on this indicator gives only the United States, where migrant workers are mostly Mexicans and other Latin American representatives.The third place in the number of foreign workers is Germany, where the Turks go en masse, but soon this position it may take on Spain, where most of the migrants are Arabs and Latin Americans.
Migrant workers in Russia
Back in 1970-1980 in the USSR became massively involved Vietnamese citizens to work at the Moscow factory ZIL and AZLK.With them is four and shestigodichnye contracts that can not be terminated by the employee.The Vietnamese have worked in good faith, hardly drank alcohol and actively bought Soviet consumer goods, does not have the demand from the local population.When the Soviet Union collapsed and went bankrupt factories, many workers had left the CIS and started to work illegally.But then, no one has called them migrant workers.This term came much later, when, after the 2003-2004.Russia has become a reality in the phenomenon of labor migration flows from Central Asia.
Russian guest workers feel particularly free in connection with the adoption of new legislation in 2007, greatly simplifies the procedure of temporary registration in the country of foreigners who came for the purpose of employment.These innovations mainly concerned migrants from countries with which the Russian Federation has a visa-free regime.As a result of these events the number of foreigners working legally in Russia, according to the Federal Migration Service has increased two to three times.
How many migrant workers in Russia
As of December 2014 on the territory of our country, according to information available to the Federal Migration Service, there were 11.07 million foreign citizens.Every year in Russia comes about 1.3 million migrant workers to work legally, but somewhere 2.5 million people are working illegally.A residence permit or temporary residence permit annually receive about 450 thousand. Foreigners.Now you can imagine how many guest workers in Russia!The main suppliers of labor in our country - this is Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine, Tajikistan, Moldova.
main profession
Migrant workers in Russia have formed a kind of caste by type of work performed.So, on the lowest rung of the migrants are engaged in unskilled heavy physical labor: digging trenches, digging wells, handling operations.Masons, painters, plasterers, tilers considered more skilled workers.And the most highly paid guest workers - welders and electricians it.
general, the work of migrant workers poorly paid, dirty and heavy.Most foreigners who came to work in their homes are the only breadwinners, and their salaries at home several times lower than in Russia.Jobs that take migrant workers, the local population is of interest because of low income and heavy duty.In Moscow alone, according to the Federal Migration Service for 2013, there are 800 thousand. Migrant workers, although independent experts say that this figure is far too low, and migrant workers in the capital of about 2 million people.
attitude of society
Regarding foreign workers in Russia circulated a few different ideas.The prevailing view that migrant workers - people destitute and unfortunate, that the circumstances of life forced to earn money dirty, heavy, non-prestigious work.They live like vagabonds, in inhuman conditions, suffering from not receiving their hostile social environment, suffer humiliation and aggressive attitude.The Russians believe that migrant workers are people of low intellectual and cultural level, and therefore can tolerate harsh conditions of life and work.Russian citizen pushes poor knowledge of Russian foreign workers, which complicates the process of communication, foreign untidiness and an open demonstration of the lack of culture.However, some Russians celebrate the positive communication skills of migrant workers.With regard to obtaining Russian citizenship by migrants, there are very different opinions.
In conclusion
guest workers in Russia called "Dzhamshuta", "chocks", "Tajik".They hunt skinheads, they are cheated by employers, they do not eat and sleep a little, but at the same time for a penny perform the dirtiest and hard work.In the distant villages in the vast Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Tajikistan, they have no opportunity to earn, and to feed their families, they go to our "welcoming" Russia and work for our good.Many Russians find it difficult to answer the question about what guest workers from more than: benefit or harm.It's really debatable issue, but in any case we should not allow xenophobia and speak about migrant workers derogatory and insulting.
