human brain - a complex structure, is still not fully studied.We use very little of its potential is slowly improving and sometimes trying to open new opportunities for themselves.But even this small part of the work of the main body of the central nervous system impresses with its intricate mechanism: the operation of thinking, its types and manifestations of all people are so different, while at the same time obeying the same laws of formation.
Compare
this simple operation we do every day, without even noticing.After all, to have an idea about a particular subject, we mentally isolate its main characteristics, distinguishing them and stressing.For example, to understand the cause of an unsuccessful interview, the journalist focuses on what it has been, under what conditions recorded its features.Isolation of these moments is always associated with the awareness of the problem, by comparing it with other more successful works.
logical operations thinking we begin to apply even in diapers.The same comparison using baby just born.For certain features - voice, smell, touch - it differs mother from other people.
comparing objects and phenomena, we make conclusions about their differences and similarities, contrast and identity.As a result, we are better acquainted with the surrounding world.Operations of thought teach us develop.For example, comparing an interview with a report, a student journalist defines the essence and form of each of these genres, which allows him to separate them in the future, to distinguish and reproduce.
Abstract
Basic thinking and include the function of the brain, through which man is able to not only highlight certain characteristics and properties of events and objects, but also be able to realize their abstract.Based on the concept abstraction formed.For example, we all know that food gives us energy and health.Through everyday consumption of meat, milk and cereals we live, move, work.The main feature of the food - saturation and concentration of the organism with necessary substances.Abstracting from the concept of "food", we are talking about the need to satisfy your hunger, already mean food, not even saying their name.
Abstraction helps a person to establish logical connections between the objects.Delving deeper into this or that phenomenon, we can see its essence, purpose, direction and task.Abstraction helps a person to think collectively, holistically, drawing conclusions and inferences.Operations and forms of thinking, such as comparison and abstraction, contribute to knowledge of the truth.
generalization
This function of our brain is closely related to the previous one, together they shape our thinking.Mental operations, abstraction and generalization allow a person to recognize and explore the world on the basis of performance.The first type of brain activity highlights one of the subject property, characteristic only to him.On this basis, we conclude what is at stake.Instead, synthesis - it is also a property characteristic but not only for this phenomenon, and others.For example, hitting a boxer is typical sharpness.We give a definition already knocked out on the basis of our knowledge about the sharpness that we formed during other life situations: when watching football programs about snakes, feeling the wind in the street.
That is, we have learned that this sharpness, having analyzed all the characteristics of these phenomena.We were able to determine that this is a process that occurs at a faster and stronger impact.Only this one operation reflects in our minds the whole essence of the phenomenon: the defeat in the knockout boxer comes precisely because of the sharpness of his rival.
Concretization
Another property of the brain associated with abstraction.Specification of - its exact opposite.If one end of the stick we are abstraction and generalization, then the other - specification.The former can be individual, the second is common to all.In the educational process under the concretization implies a certain example for the set position.
To properly understand the reality, we must be able to own all these processes.After all, does not allow specification of mental activity to go away from the subject or activity.Contemplating the phenomenon or event, we clearly understand their essence.Without specification of all acquired knowledge are bare, abstract, and therefore useless.For example, study the theory of separation of water from the alcohol, we will never fully understand the essence of the process is not seen with my own eyes what really happens during this action.Brain specifies all the knowledge gained with the help of sight, touch and smell.Man also frequently brings the facts to flesh out this or that event.
analysis
man used every day as well as other operations of thinking.This is a separate property of the brain, when it decomposes into its constituent phenomenon or object.This is actually the dismemberment, dismantling the details.For example, running athlete.Mentally we can identify its elements such as start, run and finish himself.This will be the analysis of the process activities.
Analyzing more deeply and in detail, we can also highlight the sharpness at the start, the speed of an athlete, the rhythm of breathing.These components are also included in the overall picture called "Run."Analyzing, we deeply know the world that surrounds us.Indeed, during the process of thinking, we do not allocate any part, but only those that are characteristic of a particular phenomenon.During the same run, people of different waves his hands, he has a different facial expression.But it will be a specification of the athlete, but not of the race.Highlight only the essential elements needed for each object or phenomenon.
Synthesis
This mental activity, the opposite analysis.With the help of synthesis, we, on the contrary, of the specific components is the overall picture of what is happening.It gives us an opportunity to re-create events based on certain facts.Man receives from diverse parts of the whole notion of what is happening.It's like collecting puzzle: you substitute one or the other part, leans too much, need to be joined.
Basic thinking such as analysis and synthesis, are always close together.Only in this way we must understand that none of these concepts does not dominate, as both are important.Each analysis involves the synthesis and vice versa.It is a shining example of the synthesis is to investigate crimes.The investigator gathers together the facts, examine evidence, interview people, reflects in his mind the chain of events and activities to come to the correct conclusion: who, when and why broke the law.He created the whole picture of the crime consists of a mass of small, seemingly insignificant elements.One by one, they have no value, but taken together can change the course of certain events.
Types thinking
human mental activity has its other manifestations.For example, it is of three kinds, each of which helps to summarize and also to specify the world:
- Effective thinking based on direct perception of objects.It occurs during practice.This is the basis for all other kinds of thinking.
- imagery.The man thus relies on the images, imagination and perception.
- abstract-logical.It occurs during the allocation of bonds and properties of individual objects, and takes the form of reasoning and abstract concepts.
All kinds of thinking and operations are closely linked, it can be said, are woven into a single unit.For example, the description of the same historical events based on the words of the images, and the reconstruction of images in the mind is inherently based on the read or hear the phrase.Operations thinking while also taking part in the process, making it personal for each person.Due to different types of mental activity, we open before him new horizons of knowledge.
forms of mental activity
Every thought we think is not only the content but also the outer shell.That is the basic operations of thinking are always expressed in a particular form:
- concept.It reflects the characteristics of the properties of objects and phenomena, their relationships.At the same time there are specific concepts and abstract, general and singular.
- judgment.It expresses the denial or approval of anything.It reflects the relationship between events and phenomena.The judgments are true or false.
- Inference.This is the same conclusion reached in a number of judgments.Inferences can be inductive (inference from the particular to the general) and deductive (from general to specific).
operations and forms of thought - the main way of perceiving and understanding the world.Without the hard work of the human brain have remained "vegetable", unable to think, to imagine, to feel, to move.Of course, this is not within the capability of "gray matter".With the development and improvement of its future possible opening of new species, forms and operations of thought.
