What are disorders of thinking?

Everyone lives of individual scenario reflection of reality.One can see the desert, the other - the island of flowers among the sand for some sunshine, while others think it is not enough bright.The fact that everyone sees differently the same situation, depends on the importance of mental processes - thinking.We analyze, evaluate, compare, perform mathematical operations thanks to him.

study of peculiarities of thinking involved many experts, most often psychologists and psychiatrists.In the plane of psychology, there are many different tests that have validity and reliability.Run diagnostics to determine violations of thinking, as well as research methods of thinking.On the basis of psychiatric knowledge can identify the pathological processes of thinking.After that organized drug assistance to people who have seen the work of the pathological mental process.What can be observed violations of thinking?

What is the rate reflects the reality of the mental process?

To this day, many experts argue, how to define the complex mental processes - thinking.But until now, there was no full and meaningful thesis that would have covered all the work that it carries out in our minds.This mental process is a part of intelligence, together with other (memory, imagination, attention and perception).Thinking transforms all the information received from the outside, translating it into the plane of the subjective perception of the human environment.Express a subjective model of reality people can by means of language, speech, is what distinguishes him from other creatures.It is because human speech is called the supreme intelligent individual.

perceiving different situations, using human speech expresses its findings, showing the logic of their judgments.Thought processes normally should meet several criteria.

• person should adequately perceive and process all the information that it receives from the outside.
• rank person must be taken within the framework of social empirical grounds.
• There is a formal logic which largely reflects the norms and laws of the whole society.Conclusions about any situation should be based on this logic.
• thinking process must take place in accordance with the laws of the system of regulation.
• Thinking should not be primitive, it complexly, so normally reflects most of the concepts generally accepted structure of the world.

These criteria do not customize all people under the general rules of existence.Nobody can abolish individuality.This is the most as normal.The ultimate example: many people believe that is harmful to eat after 21.00, so all dining later, are not included in the normal range.But in general it is not considered a deviation.So it is with thinking.Some incompatible with the common structure of the world of formal logic can be, unless it is flagrant violations of thinking.

Diagnostics Methods

To determine consistency, flexibility, depth, critical thinking, how advanced its views, there are many ways to study this mental process.In a survey of doctors more practice on organic level, diagnosis of thinking is carried out using conventional medical equipment.They look through the phones, looking for pathological lesions, conducted MRI, EEG, and so on.Psychologists in their work using test materials.Diagnosis of thought in psychology can be carried out also by a planned observation and natural or laboratory experiment.The most common tests to determine the characteristics of mental activity: Methodology "Exclusion of concepts," Bennett test, study the rigidity of thinking and so on.To determine the thought disorders in children can use "divided into groups," "Circle the contour", "Spot the Difference", "Labyrinth" and others.

Causes of

causes of the violation of a complex mental process that reflects the reality in our minds, it can be set.Even now experts have not reached a consensus about certain pathological disorders in human thinking.They arise from the organic damages, psychoses, neuroses, depression.Consider the main reasons for the deviations.

1. cognitive disorders.They make low-quality mental operations.These disorders can occur on different levels of the organization of the human body.At the cellular level, they interfere with the patient to perceive the surrounding reality, for this is followed by bad decisions about what is happening.It pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease (dementia due to organic lesions of the brain vessels), schizophrenia.With the defeat of the temporal lobes of the brain is a violation of memory and thinking, which does not allow a person to carry out usual activities, organize and classify objects.If you have poor eyesight person gets distorted information so the judgments and conclusions he may be inappropriate realities of life.
2. Pathology forms of thinking originate from psychosis.This man is not able to organize information based on common logic of things, so making unrealistic conclusions.Here there is fragmentation of thought, the absence of any links between them, as well as the perception of information by external criteria, there is no association between the situations or objects.
3. disorders of thought content.Due to the weakness of the system of perception (in particular, the transformation of external stimuli) there is "skewed" in focus from the real events on the event that the subject identified as having greater value for him.
4. insufficient system of regulation.Thinking man arranged in such a way that in a problem situation he seeks a way out on the basis of previous experience and of information processing in a given period of time.Normally, the system regulation helps a person disengage from the surrounding discomfort, look at the problem from the side, to ask themselves questions and to seek constructive responses at the same time, create a common action plan.With a lack of regulation of a person can not quickly and efficiently find a way out of this situation.Such violations of thinking may be due to emotional overload, injuries, brain tumors, toxic lesions, inflammation in the forehead.

Types of pathological thinking

Pathology mental activity a lot, because this process is multifaceted.There is a classification of violations, which brings together all the qualities and varieties of mental process that reflects reality.Forms of thought disorders are the following:

1. Pathology dynamics of thinking.
2. Violations motivational part of the thinking process.
3. Operative violations.

Pathology operating side of the mental process

These disorders affect the process of consolidation of concepts.Because of this, suffer the logical connections between them in the judgment of man, the first place goes directly to judgment, representations of objects and different situations.Patients can not because of the many features and properties of the object to select the most suitable for the most accurate of its characteristics.In most cases, these pathological processes have people sick mental retardation, epilepsy, encephalitis.

Violations of this type can be characterized by even distortion of the process of generalization.In this case, a sick person does not take into account the properties of the object, connected to each other substantially.Choose only the random characteristics between objects and phenomena no connection based on common cultural level.There is a thought disorder in schizophrenia and psychopathy.

violations affecting the dynamics of thinking

The diversity rate of mental activity, sequence and spontaneity characterize the dynamics of the process, reflecting the subjective reality.There are several signs suggesting violation of the dynamic side of thinking.

• slipping.In normal and consistent reasoning about anything without losing generalization, patients start to talk about completely other things.They can slide to another topic without completing the previous one, thinking of inadequate associations or rhymes.At the same time perceiving such reservations as the norm.Because this process is disrupted normal and logical train of thought.
• responsiveness.The process by which the patient responds to all external stimuli.At first he could talk critically and appropriately, but then take absolutely everything as the stimuli addressed to it, take the materials at hand animation, which certainly need help or participate.Such people can get disoriented in time and space.
• inconsistency.A sick person is different inconsistent judgments.While maintaining all the basic properties of thinking.A person can not consistently express logical propositions to analyze and summarize.This pathology is very common in people with cardiovascular disease, brain injuries, TIR, and there is a thought disorder in schizophrenia, but account for about 14% of the total number of diseases.
• inert.When intact functions and properties of the thought process and judgment paced action slowed down considerably.You can switch to another action, goals, not to act out of habit for humans is extremely difficult.Often the inertia in people with epilepsy, MDS epileptoid psychopathy, and may be accompanied by depression, apathetic, adynamic state.
• Acceleration.Too fast emerging ideas, judgments that affect even the voice (it can be hoarse because of the constant stream of speech).With this disease there is an increased emotion: when a person says something, it is too gesticulating, distracted, catches and expresses the lower the quality of ideas and associative links.

personality disorder What is a component?

for people with deviations in the personal component of thinking, characterized by thought disorder described below.

• diversified.What a value judgment, the conclusion may be "located" in different planes of thought.When a saved analysis, synthesis and comparison with a person any task can proceed in directions each other unrelated.For example, knowing that you need to take care of the food, the woman can buy the most delicious dishes of cat and not your children.That is the task and adequate knowledge of, attitudes toward the goal and pathological quest.
• moralizing.Thinking man with such pathology is aimed at "solving global problems."In another way it is called a breach of fruitless arguments.That is, a person can spend his eloquence, instruct, zamudrenno expressed without special reason.
• ornate.When a man says something, you spend a lot of words and emotions to it.Thus, in his speech, there are extra considerations that make it difficult to communicate.
• amorphous.In other words, it is a violation of logical thinking.This man is confused in concepts and logical connections between them.Strangers can not understand what he was saying.This includes further fragmentation, in which there is no connection between the individual phrases.

Content thinking - what is it?

Content thinking - this is his essence, that is the work of the main properties: the comparison, synthesis, analysis, synthesis, concretization, concepts, judgments, inferences.In addition, the concept of content includes ways of understanding the world - induction and deduction.To the inside of this mental process and experts add another species: abstract, visual-active and creative thinking.

separate class of disorders in which a person goes the way of thinking of degradation are pathological content.Moreover, its properties are preserved in some way, but to the fore in the minds overlook inadequate judgment, logical connections and aspirations.Pathology of this class include disorders of thinking and imagination.

Obessii a person

These disorders are called different obsessions.Such thoughts arise spontaneously, consistently occupy the attention of a man.They can contrary to its values, not reflect his life.Because of them, people emotionally exhausting, but nothing to do with them can not.Obsessive thoughts, ideas perceived by the person as their own, but due to the fact that they are mostly aggressive, obscene, meaningless, people suffer from their attacks.They can occur due to traumatic situations or organic damage to the prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, cingulate gyrus.

emotional Overvalued ideas

This seemingly innocuous judgment, but they were identified as a separate disease process - thought disorder.Psychology and psychiatry alongside dealing with this problem, as overvalued ideas can be corrected psychological methods in the early stages.A person with such a pathology have stored properties of thinking, but one or a set of ideas that motivate to action, does not give him rest.It holds a dominant position among all the thoughts in his mind, exhausting and emotional person stuck in the brain for a long time.

Brad as a disorder of thought process

is a gross violation of the thinking process, because the person has reasoning and presentation do not conform to its values, reality, common to the laws of logic.The patient thinks their right, and can not be persuaded otherwise.