Potatoes - the culture to grow very time-consuming.The soil in the area under it should be nutritious, loose and rich in trace elements.To prepare the ground, you can use different kinds of manure and fertilizer purchased.However, there is a more efficient and also virtually free way to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and its structures - planting green manure.On what "green manure" suitable for potato is best, and we'll talk later in the article.Also look at some of the most popular methods of cultivation of this crop.
What is green manure, and what they need
improve soil structure and saturate it with minerals capable of almost any plant.However, some variations in this respect are considered most effective.They are called, in fact, green-manures.Most of them are annuals with a well-developed fibrous root system.Sow green manure on the site - it means, the following advantages.
- soil sated with such necessary for potato trace elements as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
- improve the structure of the soil.After digestion of green manure roots remain in the ground canals, which are carried out air and water exchanges.
- soil will be protected from drying out, and weeds on the site will grow much less.
- Soil enriched with nutrients.
- The plot disappear some varieties of potato pests.
On the effectiveness of the use of such fertilizers as green manure for potatoes (fall or spring), is comparable to the introduction of the soil manure.However, the amount of green matter to improve the soil should be much smaller, as it quickly decomposes and gives nutrients.If desired, these two methods improve nutrient soil may be combined.Manure is able to significantly improve the effectiveness of "green manure."
time planting green manure
sow "green manure" can be both autumn and spring.In the first case, the procedure is carried out for about six weeks before the frost.Planting green manure for potatoes in the autumn immediately after the harvest will be.In winter, the plants are not mowed or plowed.Annuals peregniyut under the snow, giving a maximum soil nutrients.Perennials sprout in April and will give the green mass, which can be used as mulch.Spring green manure plant as soon as the snow melts and the soil has warmed at a depth of approximately 5 cm.
way of planting "green manure»
soil before sowing plants such as green manure (for the winter or spring), it is necessarydig.If the soil is not treated, the plant will grow poorly.Consequently, the effect of their growth will be minimal.The first method consists in planting the excavation depth of the grooves in the area of about 7 cm. The seeds are spread in a band.The second method is used more often in the fall, after the harvest.In this case, seeds are simply scattered on the ground and mulch with compost.Under the snow, in this case plots intended for planting potatoes go green.
Planting green manure is performed with a certain density.If the plants are planted too often, when they do not follow digging peregniyut and just start to rot.When planting the rare special benefit from them will not.We need to be guided to the fact that one hundred square meters must account for about 2 kg of seeds.
What "green manure" is best suited for potatoes
course, need to correctly choose green manure.Potatoes for good growth, especially nitrogen and phosphorus needed.Therefore, under this culture is better to use bean "green manure."For example, such as peas, alfalfa, lupine, vetch, clover.Suitable for potatoes and some other green manure.In the fall rye or mustard is a very good choice.They are well improves the soil structure.In addition, mustard deterred from the site of one of the worst pests of potatoes - wireworms.However, nitrogen in the soil, these two kinds of green manure in the decomposition is not isolated.
Incorporation of green manure in the soil
order to stems and leaves of "green manure" had humus, patch them into the soil should be no later than two weeks prior to planting potatoes.Too deeply loosen the soil is not necessary.It would be enough to cut green mass motyzhkoy.Thus the plant is cut down to a depth of approximately 2-3 cm under the ground.The stems and leaves should be left directly on the site.
Under no circumstances should there be escalating green manure.Cutting necessarily carried out before the beginning of flowering.And, of course, can not prevent the formation and maturation of seeds.Otherwise, from the useful green manure fertilizers become a common weed.
Production methods
So, green manure sown in the winter and in the spring cut or plowed.What next?Now is the time to start planting potatoes.What are the methods of its cultivation?First, consider the classic way, and then deal with the peculiarities of the original technologies to obtain very good yields.
What sort of choose for planting
Of course, in order to get a good crop, you need to choose the most suitable for that particular area of potato varieties.When selecting a particular grade the owners of summer cottages are oriented primarily to its keeping quality and taste.Also of great importance is attached to the degree usually razvarivaemosti tubers.It is best to choose the right potato variety 3-4 (photo green manure suitable for this crop, you can see on this page), differing ripening times.
Classic method of growing
Cooking planting must begin immediately after harvest in the autumn.Dug tubers pre-sorted, graded by size.Suitable for planting potatoes medium sized, healthy and undamaged.They need to be thoroughly dried and put in a sunny place for planting.After this, the tubers put in boxes and drop into the cellar.There they will be stored until spring.Of course, there can not be a potato, because it contains toxic for both human and pet stuff - SOLONIN.
tubers spring rises to the top with boxes and transferred to a heated room for germination.Next on the site make shallow wells (approximately half a shovel), and in which the potatoes are placed.
Potato downhill
This is another interesting way to produce fairly good harvest.Prepare the site with the use of such fertilizers as green manure for potatoes (fall or spring), you will now divide it into circles is not very large diameter.Inside them at a distance of 25 cm from each other dig the tubers.After the first shoots around each of the small "field" with a shovel shaped "hill".The result is a kind of funnel, which will collect water.
Planting potatoes under straw
What other methods of growing potatoes?Planting a straw - quite the old way, in recent years has become very popular among Russian gardeners.The technology involves several steps:
- done bed with sealing walls, which are placed at the bottom of the tubers.
- They fit wet straw.
- To weeds not killed potatoes, its layer is increased by approximately 5 cm above the soil surface.
- top bed covered with dark cloth or film.
- After sprouting in the film is a small hole under the stem.
Early potatoes under black film
When using this method of growing potatoes prepared under the landing site covered with a dark non-woven material, the edges are well secured.You can take, for example, a black film.Its edges on the perimeter needs to be fixed as soon as possible reliable.Further, in the film, holes are diamond-shaped, dig into the ground through these holes and placed in their tubers.Typically, this method is used early varieties of potatoes (photo correctly prepared planting material, see below).
Planting thus produce little early.The film will reliably protect plants from freezing.Consequently, the tubers grow much earlier.In addition, the film "mulch" will prevent germination of weeds, that is the time to care for the landing will spend much less.
So now you know how to use green manure for potatoes in the fall or spring.Improve the soil with the help of "green manure" and using one of the above methods of cultivation of this crop, you can get a very good harvest.
