Muscovy duck (popularly indoutka, Lat. Cairina moschata) is a separate kind of wood ducks, whose population is especially prevalent in South America and Mexico.For turkeys, contrary to popular belief, it does not belong.Domesticated by the ancient Aztecs, now common in almost all countries, in particular - in Russia.More recognition is at the fanciers.Today we'll talk about what are the ducks musk.Breeding, cultivation, maintenance of poultry will also be discussed in detail within this article.
Short description
Muscovy duck is very original and is significantly different in appearance from the tribesmen.With a fairly short neck, she has a broad chest, her wings are long and powerful, tight, legs - short, with sharp claws.
Muscovy duck calm, quite hardy, relatively unpretentious little susceptible to most diseases of birds, can do without the reservoir.In the backyard is kept separately does not make noise, does not like the company, but in a fight does not come.
weight of the male (drake), according to the standard, close to 6 kg, female (duck) - to 3.5 kg.Egg production - 100-110 eggs, the weight of each - about 75 grams.
Palatability
ideal lean red meat diet.The fat content, as opposed to, for example, from Peking duck, low (25%).High muscle mass.Muscle tissue around 41%.The weight of the edible parts (breast) reaches 800 Indoutka tastes like game with excellent taste.Unlike waterfowl, it has no particular characteristic taste.In France, these ducks have long replaced most of the other breeds.
musk duck eggs are edible, and quite tasty.They are large, with a large and dense yolk protein.
Hybrids
Muscovy duck with no problems crossed with simple domestic ducks.Hybrids (mulard) maturity, carcass weight - about 4 kg.The offspring do not give a (sterile).Color birds mostly dark.In Europe, they are often fattened by force, resulting in a very fatty liver (foie gras), which is highly prized by gourmets.
Colors indoutok
Muscovy duck can be white, brown, black, blue.Distributed wild color, in Vol. H. "Mirror".However, there are exceptions.In Europe, for example, are more and more others are not recognized by the standard colors.It is noteworthy that they are stable and transmitted to future generations.Perhaps soon these colors will find recognition and will be reflected in the official standards.
should say a few words about a monochromatic colors.We have accepted that mixed colors indicate the presence of hybrids.However, such embodiments are provided by European standards.In other words, purebred can be not only monophonic musk ducks.In tribal enterprises abroad is carried out "forcing" the new lines, where the colors are just mixed.It is noteworthy that these ducks especially productive and weigh more than a brown representatives.Mixed colors are increasingly appearing on the European amateur shows.Alas, we work extensively with indoutkoy (at larger institutions) seriously and conducted, so we get only what once were brought from Europe.Mostly it was a brown bird, part black and white.This explains the prevalence of this color in our latitudes.Although, thanks to a simple grading and with appropriate respect, the cultivation of musk ducks can give more positive results.It can, for example, white fish weighing 4.7 kg as early as three months.Of course, this will require "an infusion of good blood."
musk duck (rock)
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White.The color corresponds to the name.Plumage and has no signs of yellowing.The beak should be light pink, on a tip - lighter.Hocks yellow.Eyes only blue-gray.
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Black and white.The eyes are usually light brown (occasionally pale blue), yellow metatarsal (black spots are allowed).The basic plumage color - black, with characteristic brilliance (on the back with a green tint, the rest - with purple).White feathers form a pattern in the region of the head, neck, chest and "mirror" with folded wings.
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Brown wild.The main color is chocolate.Flight feathers, cover and tail feathers darker with a greenish sheen.In young white feathers in the wings a little, adults - a big part.Pooh brown, bright.The beak is red, the tip of the dark, pigmented at the base.Brown eyes and metatarsal.Valid bright spots.In people, this breed is called not only as "red musk ducks."
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Brown and white.The basic color is considered a chocolate brown (with green tide).White feathers form a pattern in the area of head, neck and chest.Pen-feather brown second order, first - white ("mirror").The beak is red (darker tip) acceptable light pigmentation.Brown eyes and metatarsal.
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Black.The color corresponds to the name.Color the bird is completely black.The back and wings are greenish tint, the other part - purple.Pooh gray, dark.Eyes are brown.Hocks and black beak.
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Blue.The color corresponds to the name.The blue color is expressed.Some feathers have a dark edging (different structure of the pen).Eyes are brown.Hocks with a beak almost black.
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Wild.The predominant color - black, full-bodied, with a greenish tinge on the back and wings, purple and purple on the chest otherwise.Large coating the wings of adult birds mostly white, young animals are fewer.The beak and brown eyes.Hocks black, fingers slightly lighter (can be yellowish).
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Wild Blue.It has a predominantly blue color.Some feathers are bordered by narrow dark stripes (different structure).At the Blue Duck as usual in the wild, most of the white feathers of cover (for mature birds).The bill is almost black, with the transition to a reddish-blue (at the base), with a dark tip.Hocks close to black.Eyes are brown.
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white patterned.The base is white.Black solid surface are observed on the back, neck, top of the head, primary wing feathers (2nd order), flanks, tail, on the lower leg, on the wings (inner cover pen).The bill is black, with a move to the red and blue, with a black tip.Eyes are brown, bright.Hocks yellow (black spots are allowed).
development and timing of cultivation
It is necessary to take into account the biological characteristics of the breed.Plumage indoutok has three layers: fluff, feather small and large (the top layer).What chicks born?Their body is covered only with down.This is - the top of the feathers that grow later.Primary lint will eventually wear out.To replace him grows coverts feather (after the 20th day from birth and up to six months).Soon begins youthful (so-called yuventalnaya) molt.That's just such a moment, and we must wait - this is the period when the ducklings are ready for slaughter.Why is that?Firstly, you avoid the "stumps" during obschipyvaniya, secondly, at that time is running out bone formation (ossification).Moulting lasts a month and a half, sometimes two.This means that the deadline for slaughter - 12 weeks following - 24 weeks.As an example we can take solid French farm.Terms of slaughtering these enterprises account for 85 days for drake and 70 days for ducks.Not least when playing fattening tightness.It is better to keep the ducklings on galvanized mesh (fine, 1x1 cm, at birth and at least three weeks).This will increase dryness.Not only that, you'll get almost one hundred percent survival!The stocking density - 20 goals (maximum) per square meter up to 10 days.Further, the area increase.After landing, it is desirable to use very large (you can average) chips.In the extreme case suitable chips, but large.The old sawdust partially removed and pour new.Total litter is not changed.
green pastures during the warm season reduces the costs of feed and achieve rapid weight set.
Features breeding
Like contain musk ducks?Pitch in the house low perches, the bird rested.Musk duck require slightly different conditions.Unlike the turkey roosts, you will need to make a long bench at a low height (20 cm), departing from the wall 35 cm. The width of the perch - 18 cm.
Muscovy duck does not stand dirt and moisture.The best temperature for the egg - 19 degrees, the minimum - 16. Ideal Floor - net (it was written above).Cell sizes - 24x24 mm.The grid should occupy 2/3 of the floor utyatnika.To make such a structure along the far wall."Cushion" (distance from the floor) - 30 cm. The thickness of the ponds - at least 2 mm.One of the edges of the mesh floor is better to make the hinges - when cleaning it will be possible to lift and secure.Drinking fountains put on the grid.Feeders are installed within three meters of the drinkers.For the litter, as stated, use the larger chips.Moldy wet litter can cause an outbreak of disease (aspergillosis).
Contains musk duck (rocks do not matter) at a density of 3 g / m.Formation of broodstock start for 1.5 months before the start of lay.For five layers need one drake.The latter should be a month older.In this case, indoutok puberty occurs earlier.Age ratio can be achieved, leaving the best male from another party grown.Broodstock usually form in May-July.
After 180 days daylight gradually adjusted to 17 hours (before laying).Mode support for 4 months.For clarification treated with caution, as musk duck - potential cannibals.Therefore, the power (intensity) of light is adjusted to only 2 watts per meter.If you need additional light, color the bulbs in red (orange suit) color.
oviposition very cyclical.Unlike ordinary ducks, musk lay eggs for 15 hours.Collect them at least three times a day (preferably most).For a series of 80 pieces are available.
originality and brooding instinct.Muscovy duck in the empty nest not to stay.Avoid it, and other people's nests, hatching their eggs only.If you do not remove the clutch for three (sometimes two) weeks, the female will sit there for incubation.During this time, will meet 12-15 eggs.
sexual instinct in drakes season.In the first months of fertility is high (96%), a fall is reduced to 50%.Therefore, incubation of musk ducks are mainly held in the spring.For the estimation of interspecific hybrids are preferably mixed with musk Peking ducks drake.
musk duck egg incubation
What is desirable to know?Egg Muscovy duck has a fairly thick skin covering a shell and excluding dehydration.However, at the same time decreasing the removal of exhaust gases and oxygen permeability.This somewhat complicates the development of the embryo.Stale eggs stored for two weeks at twenty degrees differ better hatchability than perfectly fresh.Wild hen often leaves the nest for the adoption of the "bath."On her return she is shaken over the nest, irrigating the incubate.In addition, the expectant mother is turning their paws to remove plenochku and thus opening up land for gas exchange.Therefore, incubation of musk ducks should be carried out either in an inclined or horizontal position (it is better to develop the fetus).So that they do not fall out of the tray when you turn, they cover grid fixing strong thread or tape.
for eggs of this species are excellent modernized serial incubators "Universal" (IPM 15, the IPM 45).It is important not to forget about the cooling system.What is its essence?On the 16th day of incubation (and beyond) by the combined method the eggs are turned twice - at 8.00 and 20.00 (roughly).At the beginning of a twenty-air cooling is required, by a double rotation of the drum.Then irrigate them (4 minutes) of the nebulizer (horizontal position of the tray).
Below is a tentative mode of incubation, musk ducks.
Stage 1 (1-16 days of incubation).Temperature - 37,8 ° C.Rotations up axis at 45 degrees.Humidity 32%.Cooling and spraying is required.
Stage 2 (17-21 days of incubation).The temperature of 37,6 ° C.Turning off axis by 45 degrees.Humidity 30.5%.Cooling twofold at 25 minutes.Spraying - twice a day.
Stage 3 (22-30 days of incubation).The temperature of 37,4 ° C.Turning off axis by 45 degrees.Humidity 28.5%.Cooling twofold at 30 minutes.Spraying the same mode.
Stage 4 (30-31 days of incubation).The temperature of 37,2 ° C.Rotation is not required.Humidity 31%.Sprinkle half board.Cooling - twice a day for 25 minutes.
Stage 5 (32-35 days of incubation).The temperature of 36,9 ° C, humidity 35%.Rotation is not required.Cooling - twice a day for 30 minutes.
Feeding
With musk ducks eat?Feeding the bird can also be divided into stages: early (chicks) and mature (growing up, adults).
three days (at birth) is better to feed the chicken (or duck) finely crumbled egg.Then begin to add cottage cheese, mash (required crumbly - like milk and broth).At the same age he is already yielding herbs (nettle is especially useful).In two weeks, the roots are introduced.Grains can be cooked, and can be fed in dry form.Next put the two boxes filled with gravel (necessarily small) and sand (river).In winter feeding using branches, vegetables, hay.Ducklings Muscovy ducks, as well as adults, like Jerusalem artichokes (and tubers, and green).And when feeding this plant is typed weight faster plumage glitters, egg production increases.In winter, it is desirable to stock of silage grasses (nettle, dandelion, chickweed, etc.).Grass necessarily crushed, stacked in jars (glass) is compacted, add some salt a little (just a spoon of salt in 3 liters), laid on top of aspirin.Stored in the cellar are blank.
Speeds fattening inclusion in the diet slightly salted boiled corn, seasoned with fat.
In general, with regard to food musk duck quite unpretentious.
disease prevention
In principle, immunity musk ducks is high enough.Nevertheless, they can get sick with viral hepatitis, lack feathers, pasteurellosis (Cholera), aspergillosis, salmonellosis (paratyphoid) and so forth. In order to avoid problems, you should take a responsible approach to the arrangement of the house, temperature, lighting and, of course, feeding.Prevent the contamination of drinking bowls with feeders.In areas should always be clean and dry.
Quite often amateur poultry farmers are facing a serious problem - the "new flu duck."If a timely response outbreak is possible to suppress the antibiotics - drugs "Terramycin."Ducklings may be exposed to liver damage due to hepatitis.The death rate from this disease, frankly, is quite high.Methods of struggle here can only be immunized.What to recommend for this purpose?As an example, the vaccine may be considered Capevac.It contains the virus plague (attenuated, freeze-dried form), a strain of Jansen.The vaccine allows for the active immunization of young animals.Done it twice in the fourth and eighth week, be sure to lay, by subcutaneous injection.Dosage - ml per bird.If the zone is unsuccessful, instill begin after 21 days.Revaccination - two, at most three weeks.
