Megapolis, Technopolis - a Greek word quite modern concepts.In Russian, the term began to actively use recently.And if everything is clear from the metropolis, the Technopolis - the word is a rare and therefore not all clear.
It is not a new innovation
As is well known, "policy" in Greek - city.The prefix "techno" speaks for itself.Technical city.What does it mean?It is a city with well-developed technical infrastructure?Industrial city?City-the-art, stuffed with electronics and other wonders of technology?
Actually techno in Russia is not uncommon.They exist for a long time, everybody knows about them.Just before they were called not so nice.After all, in fact, Technopolis - this is the usual scientific town.They were in the Soviet Union had enough, and after the collapse of the country a large part of this heritage has got Russia.
What Technopolis?
Technopolis - a city dealing with science and high technology.Private residential complex, fully focused on the science, and only her.There were such sophisticated high-tech techno around the complex.It could be institutions or research centers of various specializations that are essential technical objects that need a large number of scientific personnel.In short, in the heart of the Technopolis is some high-tech core.
So, at this point should be concentrated a large number of scientists.Find among the inhabitants of a given region is the number of research workers desired profile is not possible.So, they need to be inviting, not for short-term work contract, and on a permanent basis.To do this, they need to provide housing.Scientists - the same people, they have families and children, they buy food and things get sick, go to the cinema.Consequently, the technopolis is to provide its citizens with all necessary.Kindergartens, schools, shops, a variety of institutions and organizations.Technopolis - a complete cultural, household, residential, scientific, industrial, educational area, designed specifically for the needs of the employees of the parent company.
Silicon Valley techno-cities exist around the world.The most famous of them - the legendary Silicon Valley.First it was founded Stanford University, and then, 10 years later - Science and Technology Park.By 1960 there were already 25 offices of companies involved in high technology exclusively.By 1980, these parks were already 36. Scientific research centers and laboratories have acquired the residential area, the necessary infrastructure, and there was the world-famous technopolis.The program of state support has played a significant role.
That government could be interested in high-tech research Californian business.
Profitable Science
Tax relief applies only to companies that are engaged in science, and many firms have seized upon this loophole, trying to minimize the payment.They gave large orders the institute laboratories and research centers to obtain a double benefit: reduced taxes and increased its own technological capabilities.
Institutions, too, the situation was very useful: financial investments and huge orders allow to attract the best professionals and to expand the research base.
course, winning at the same time and the state.Yes, the income tax of entrepreneurs was lower.However, research and development, paid for by businessmen, led to scientific and technological leaps.To this day, the United States is a leader in the field of electronics and programming, and billions and billions of dollars annually.
Japanese techno
With the creation of Silicon Valley, the world has realized the benefits of such an organization of scientific and technological process.Technopolis began to spring up all over the planet.Britain, France, China, Korea, Malaysia, Thailand.A special scale differ technopolises Japan.This country has neither a large territory or natural resources.There's no place to place large-scale production, and the existing facilities have already reached the maximum level of development and were denied the opportunity to develop further.What was needed was not quantitative but a qualitative leap.Technopolis idea for this approach is the best.
The government has gone on the proven way - has promised tax breaks.The country's leaders voiced research areas that have been developing Technopolis residents.Prefectures appealed to in their territories institutes and universities with a request to draw up plans for the creation of specialized Technopolis.The best projects and received the promised tax breaks and subsidies.
is how Japan zavevala leading position in the field of electronics and robotics.
Akademgorodok
USSR In the USSR scientific towns and Akademgorodok existed for a long time.But every one of them - the real technopolis.Moscow has paid much attention to the technical development of the country.Space technology, for example, differ monstrous naukoemostyu and resource-intensive.But this field of knowledge in the USSR paid a lot of attention.Each spaceport - thousands of scientists, tens of thousands of workers.The real technopolis that provides the complex scientific and industrial complex.
There Akademgorodok involved in military and medical developments, research towns in which they lived physicists, chemists, engineers.Yes, cybernetics in the USSR considered the prodigal daughter of capitalism.But this does not mean that science was not developed in the country.Funding various studies have always constituted a significant proportion of expenditure of state funds in the USSR.
In a sense, this research organization was even better.Funded branch of science, business is absolutely not interesting, is not promising any income in the foreseeable future.Contribution Academgorodoks inhabitants of the USSR in the world of science is invaluable.
project "Skolkovo»
Now in Russia, a new technopolis.Moscow, or rather the suburbs, will be the seat of a vast research complex, which will employ thousands of scientists.The project to create an analogue of Silicon Valley in Skolkovo has long moved from the planning stage to the stage of implementation.This will be the largest scientific and innovative center dedicated to research in the field of high technology, electronics and space exploration.
regional development strategy involves the allocation of substantial sums for such projects.Yes, the areas requiring immediate financial assistance of the state, a lot.And much of it is more urgent than high technology.But, as the experience of other countries, it is - an erroneous position.Invest in research and development is needed as well as the need to allocate part of the grain crops.Yes, you can eat now - but then there will be nothing to reap.
