territories of priority development, the list of which is given below, have become yet another attempt by the country's leadership to the Chinese way.It involves the formation of special areas, so-called economic locomotive.Next, consider what constitutes the territory of priority development in Russia and what they need.
Background
In the early 90s the government proposed a list of territories of priority development.However, as history has shown, a program has not been fully implemented.In 1991, a law was passed to regulate the inflow of foreign investment in the domestic economy.Its provisions are established for some foreign businessmen certain benefits.In particular, it simplified the registration procedure, a reduced tax rate, long-term lease at a low price, visa-free regime and the reduction of customs duties.Since 1996, the country began to be created special economic zone.Thus, the first special zone was created in the Kaliningrad region., The second - in Magadan.For the latter it has developed a program to December 31, 2014.However, the success of its implementation is not.Also on the bill was adopted by a special area within the Baikal-Amur railway / d line.The fate of the program is also unknown.
development at the initial stage
out of the 17 special zones have become successful just turned 6. The most problematic tourist areas.As noted by the director general of JSC "SEZ" Tretyakov, this was due to incorrectly chosen method.In fact with the investor was not discussed anything, he was not given the right to choose the location for the program.In addition, not actively developing and port area.Experts suggest that this may be due to the reluctance of the regions themselves engaged in their promotion.
new round
Despite the setbacks, the evolution of specific areas continued.Currently, some of the SEZ may expand to the regional level.Specific areas considered to be sufficiently flexible tool for raising funds in the economy.During Medvedev's presidency was enacted, the provisions which regulate the formation and functioning of territorial development zones.Thus, a new concept has been introduced.ZTR is a part of the subject, which form favorable conditions for investors.The purpose of such zones advocated accelerating socio-economic formation region.Creating an enabling environment involves the provision of state support to investors.However, she looked at the program more modest than envisaged in the project in 1991.The management of such areas should be carried out specially formed administration.At present 20 regions created ZTR.
fourth attempt
In a speech to the Federal Assembly, President Putin proposed the creation of the territory of priority development.List of existing districts, he added another near localities.The president highlighted the priority areas.In particular, special attention, he said, deserved distant from the center of the territory of priority development - the Far East.Among the areas for investment, the president also called Siberia, in particular, Khakassia and Krasnoyarsk Krai.The head of state also proposed conditions by which the territory of priority development will be attractive to investors.In particular, it was a five-year tax holidays, a reduced rate of insurance contributions, the simplified procedure of customs clearance, local power, obtaining building permits.In addition, there should be clear program, under which will operate the territory of priority development.Far East requires the construction of related infrastructure.This task will be implemented by the respective Fund.
What is the difference between the SEZ and the top?
territory of priority development, in accordance with the regulations, has a somewhat different status than a special zone.It is not allowed the establishment of such areas in the same locality.As such differences territory of priority development of the SEZ has.Only, perhaps, the difference can be considered as the duration of the operation.So, 20 years old must operate a special area for 12 years - the territory of priority development.
bill: Understanding
Its action is aimed at establishing a legal regime for the considered areas.Regulatory measures to support enterprises identified investors.In addition, the Federal Law "On the territories of priority development" regulates all other relationships that relate to these areas.
establishing certain
territory of priority development - a district of Far Eastern Federal District, which established a special legal regime for entrepreneurial and other activities.The formation of this area carried out by the federal and local budgets, as well as other sources.Normative act establishes a special procedure for the formation of the territory of priority development.Primorsky Territory is of special status.In accordance with the legal position is determined by the specifics of the residents and their commercial and other activities.
Legal regime
law on territories of priority development sets:
- preferential rates on rents.
- special order of land use.
- Tax and insurance benefits.
- special procedure of state control, the municipal supervision.
- preferential mode to connect to a variety of infrastructure.
- Providing special public services.
- Using the free customs territory.
- possibility of attracting preferential and expedited basis of foreign qualified staff.
- use of sanitary and technical regulations following the example of the most developed countries of the OECD.
administrative apparatus
law on territories of priority development establishes the specific powers to state authorities.Within the area should act the special subdivisions of the executive and other bodies (the Federal Tax Service, Ministry of Emergency Situations, Ministry of Internal Affairs, and so on).Due to the establishment of a special procedure will be increased the overall level of administration in the region following the example of similar zones in foreign countries.
Benefits
Since 2014 in the Irkutsk Region, Transbaikalia, the Far East and in Buryatia introduced a special tax regime.It was planned reduction in personal income tax to 7%, income tax - up to ten.In the first five years I was supposed to make the last zero.However, in this case, the experts noted a contradiction.In particular, Medvedev pointed to the special tax regime, which was to be aimed at stimulating non-oil exports.A number of government measures, in turn, affected the production tax ferrous and nonferrous metals, coal and gold.At the moment, is not a single direction.This creates opportunities for the activities of "pressure groups".
transfer companies
After Medvedev announced the strengthening of the powers Minvostokrazvitiya, the agency, taking advantage of the opportunity offered to transfer to the jurisdiction of the state all the shares of the Fund on the development of the Baikal and Far Eastern regions.In fact, it acts as a subsidiary of Vnesheconombank.Thus, the transfer of shares would mean only a reallocation of resources.However, the Ministry has put forward a proposal for the formation of additional institutions.In particular, it was a question of "Far East", an autonomous non-profit organization "Agency for Export Promotion and Investment in the Far Eastern Federal District" and ANO "Agency for Workforce Development."As a result, together with the proposed closure of the special economic zone in the Magadan region and Sovgavan in the Khabarovsk Territory, we note the displacement of Economic Development from the territory of Far East Federal District.Available resources will thus be concentrated in the hands Minvostokrazvitiya.
investment and employment
for the development of the Far East region requires about 3.3 billion rubles.This figure is set for the period up to 2020.From it about 170 billion rubles.planned to be allocated for 2014.Experts noted the beginning of the struggle for the funds allocated in the federal center.Of course, the government prefers to date Minvostokrazvitiyu.However, some large state-owned companies probably do not want this.One of the planned measures in favor of enterprises employment of staff single-industry towns.In particular, it refers to employees of AvtoVAZ.In addition, the delay introduced by the army for the Far Eastern Federal District residents and citizens who have moved there.
Conclusions In theory, experts note, in the incarnation of all or at least most of the proposed measures Far East could become a fundamentally different from the rest of the territory, with special administrative and tax status.Some experts even say that the Far Eastern Federal District may be analogous to Hong Kong.However, whether this is done in practice is not yet clear.At the moment, not even marked prerequisites to something resembling the concept of "one country - two systems".Skeptics believe that the territory of priority development may remain in the plans, like the national projects, doubling the GDP and other unrealized programs.
opinions and suggestions
As noted by M. Abizov, Government of the State intends to compete even with the newly formed territories of priority development in Korea, Japan and China.At one of the meetings the Ministry has introduced a new concept for the organization of extra-budgetary revenues to the Trans-Baikal region and the Far East Federal District.The meeting also made by scientists.They proposed to improve the development of exploration, to form terminals and so on.One of the proposals of researchers was perceived as almost revolutionary.In particular, scientists spoke about the establishment of development funds in the region of the Far East and Siberia, which was concentrated to 20-25% of the total export earnings of the extracted materials without its reference to "Center".This idea was voiced by Vladislav Inozemtsev.Later it was put forward at the government meeting, Igor Slyunyaev (Minister for Regional Development).Experts were absolutely justified noted that the successful implementation of the tasks to be taken strategic concept papers.Cerda other proposals of the Ministry of Regional Development sounded the idea of improving the transportation network, what should have been allocated 300 billion rubles.In addition, attention was drawn to government officials and the Magadan Region.So, it was proposed to build an ice-free port on its territory (in Providence Bay or in the Magadan).At the same time the beginning of the Ministry of Transport to prepare the necessary amendments to the provisions of the Tax Code.They should include the compensation of costs of port operators, which will take place in the case of construction of port checkpoints, significantly accelerating the handling of goods.
In conclusion
Despite previous setbacks, today the government expresses a clear intention to follow through.New Territories Act still requires improvements.However, it already defines the main aspects related to the formation and subsequent functioning of these areas.Equally important is the work of the management directly in the Far Eastern Federal District.It should be aimed at promoting and supporting government measures.When the joint work of all concerned departments and ministries, businesses and citizens more likely to succeed in a shorter time.The main task today, along with investments, provision of the population is considered work.To achieve this objective it is necessary to create optimal working conditions in new and existing plants.You may need to establish additional state guarantees for the population.
