most common energy source in the world is considered to be coal.He was the first type of fossil fuel, which began to use people.Today in Russia there are a few large mining and processing plants.Later in the article is given the characteristics of coal basins of Russia.
General
In recent years actively developed oil and gas and coal basins of Russia.RF has huge reserves of raw materials.However, not all climatic conditions permit to mine in the necessary volume.Coal represented as fossils of ancient freshwater plants.This fossil fuel is of two types.Classification of coal carried out in accordance with its calorific value.The highest possess anthracite lowest - lignite.High-calorie coal used in the steel industry, and low-calorie - in the energy sector.
development of industry in the late 1980s increased the total energy consumption.The most intensive pace observed in the use of coal.So, from 1984 to 1994 it amounted to 0.9%.In the last decade the consumption of fossil fuels has increased even more - up to 2.7%.According to forecasts, the world's coal reserves should last for 120 years.The share of the Russian Federation of the total industry volume of 23%.Domestic mining and processing complexes form a single economic sector today, the full market segment.Almost all of the organizations and companies involved in this area are private property category.
volume of fuel in Russia
main Russian coal basins contain about 4 trillion tons of probable reserves.They make up about 30% of the world total.This is the highest among all countries in the world.Russian coal basin contains in its bosom vast reserves of fossil.Due to this country is a leader in the development and sale of fuel.Since 2009 established a consistently high volume of exports.According to the Federal Customs Service, it is not less than 8.5-9 million tons. The total export volume of coal in 2009 - 103 million tons.Fuel consumed in all regions of the country.Russian coal basins are located in 26 subjects.Some of them developed since Soviet times.Next will be given a brief description of the coal basins of Russia.
first deposit
particular importance in the industry have the Kuznetsk and Pechora coal basin in Russia.The first was opened in 1721.However, its extensive development began in 1920. In 1934 he opened the Pechora basin.Kuznetsk field is located in Western Siberia, in the Kemerovo region.Pechora basin is located in the Komi Republic and Nenets Autonomous District.The area of the first - 26, and the second - 90 thousand. Km2.These major Russian coal basins provide most of the volume of the industrial countries.On the territory of the Russian Federation has developed two large deposits.Kansk-Achinsk and South Yakutia coal basins Russia differ in different mining conditions.If the first field is located in a favorable area, the second - in the harsh climatic conditions, which makes it difficult to develop.Nevertheless, the share of which falls on the coal basins of Russia, is quite high.The area of the open part of the Kansk-Achinsk deposit - 45 thousand. Km2, the total area of South Yakutia - 25 thousand. Km2.Russian coal basins developed mining or open pit.The choice depends on the climatic conditions, remoteness from populated areas with developed infrastructure.So, Pechora basin located above the Arctic Circle.This distance, combined with a harsh climate has a significant impact on the cost of raw materials.Difficult to develop and South Yakutsk basin.
Kuznetsk mine
This pool stretches for 800 km along the Trans-Siberian railway / d line.This field is one of the leading places in the world reserves of fuel.Its share in the Russian industry accounts for about 60%.The field is located in a favorable climatic and geological conditions.This, in turn, provides a rather low cost of coal.Fossil deposits of Kuznetsk different small ash content (4.6%), high (8.6 kcal) calorie, low phosphorus and sulfur.Specific heat of 6-8.5 thousand. Kcal / kg.The pool is concentrated significant reserves of coking coal.Their volume - about 643 billion tons. The development is carried out mining and open methods.
Pechora basin
It allocated 9 industrial areas.Most exploration and development are: Halmeryunsky, Vorkuta, Worgen Shor and Inta.Potential reserves of coal in the basin is about 213 billion tons., 8.7 billion are in the balance.Production is carried out mainly by private.This is due to unfavorable climatic conditions.However, the mining method provides a high quality of extracted raw materials.
Kansk-Achinsk field
Its width varies from 50 to 250 km.Pool is divided into two parts: eastern and western.The total geological reserves is 600 billion tons. In order to develop an open method suitable order of 140 billion. Coal-bearing strata deposits folded Jurassic sediments.The main industrial significance has powerful formation.It lies in the upper horizon.The coals are mostly humus composition.The moisture content of lignite - 21-44% Sulphur - 0.2-0.8%.The ash content of the fuel - 7-14%.The layers are placed close to the surface horizontally.Kansk-Achinsk field is being developed openly.This is facilitated by the favorable geological conditions, high power main reservoir over a large area.
South Yakutian deposits
It is located in the Aldan plateau.Its length is about 750 km.As part of the pool is allocated 5 coal-bearing areas: Gonamsky, Usmunsky, Tokyo, Ytymdzhinsky, Aldan-Chulmanskaya.Common stocks represent about 24.17 billion tons. There lie semi-bright and shiny coal.The moisture content therein 0.7-1.4% sulfur - 0.3-0.4%.Ash minerals is within 10-18%.Total estimated resources and reserves, taking into account conditioning Khabarovsk eastern constitute about 41.4 billion tons. Development is not only hampered by the pool harsh climate, but also lack the necessary transport links.In this regard, a relatively high production cost and raw materials.
In conclusion
Russian coal basins are crucial for the country's economy in general and industrial development in particular.Among the main tasks of the government is the question of improving the logistics of remote areas with large reserves of raw materials.Mining also has great practical importance.When you create the necessary conditions for extraction, processing and transportation experts will be involved, will begin a more intensive development of remote areas.A special place in the implementation of these tasks takes funding.In particular, the promising direction of the state is considered to attract foreign and domestic investors in the major coal basins of Russia.In this regard, currently under development of effective government programs, the implementation of which will allow the country to maintain its leading position in the global mining industry.
