concept of privatization involves the alienation of property owned by state enterprises, organizations and institutions, as well as land and housing, which is in the municipal or state property for the benefit of natural or legal persons who are buyers under the privatization legislation.
This process has several widows and types.Forms of privatization may differ to such types: the privatization of communal property and state property, privatization of state-owned housing, privatization of land.
privatization is carried out to improve the economic and social efficiency.Due to the privatization takes place to raise funds for the restructuring of the economy.Besides privatization and pursuing goals such as the involvement of citizens to participate in the maintenance and preservation of property, forms a market economy, as well as promotes effective and efficient use of land resources, and supports the development of entrepreneurship.
Depending on the tasks and objectives described above, there are appropriate forms of privatization, and appropriate mechanisms for their implementation and performers.For example, the privatization of the housing stock is performed by authorized bodies at local authorities and businesses and organizations that have public housing stock.
Among this concept of form of privatization can not mention one of the most common forms - the corporatization of enterprises.The mechanism of privatization became possible after the adoption by the Government of the relevant legislation and regulations.As a rule, the essence of these laws is to ensure that the state legitimizes the process of corporatization or other transformations of state enterprises and institutions in open joint stock companies.
For our country, this step has occurred in the nineties of the last century.According to economists, the then reformalov such processes should encourage the development of the economy and rebuild it in connection with the new requirements of market processes.What came out of it, probably everyone remembers.
But from a scientific or economic point of view, joint stock companies as the product of privatization is one of the most effective ways of integration and concentration of capital.
However, given the different forms and methods of privatization with the help of which it is carried out can not say for sure that in all countries where it occurred, the process was positive and gave significant impetus to the economy.
particularly visible difference in the results of privatization in Eastern Europe that began after the collapse of the Soviet Union to build a model of a market economy in the countries of the former Soviet republics, where the same privatization would solve the problems of the revival and reconstruction of the economy on a new track of market relations.However, if the European countries with the task somehow coped, then the CIS echoes of wild privatization of the oligarchs who won the group, gave today.In addition, the terms of privatization in different countries are defined differently.And if the issue is not to think, and to give to float freely, the privatization of enterprises will grow into buying the assets of all enterprises and organizations belonging to the state in one hand, which may cause the monopolization of the market for goods of a particular group.
In the process of privatization can take part the following categories:
nationals and foreign nationals as well as persons without nationality;
legal entities that are registered in the territory of the country where privatization is carried out;
Legal persons of other countries, in the framework of the laws and legal acts.
But allowed to privatization are not eligible persons who work in the State Property Fund (and similar entities), themselves bodies of power and administration, as well as legal entities which their assets have a share of state property for more than 25% of other subjectsthe list of which is determined by special laws of the state.
