Egyptian civilization is one of the oldest.It Egyptians built one of the seven wonders of the world - the pyramids of Egypt.Scientists still can not understand how in the available construction technologies able to build such a monumental structure.
Valley
Total pyramids in Egypt, found more than 100 buildings, but the most famous of them are near Cairo, in Giza valley.Here are three ancient memo: Cheops, Chephren and the pyramid of Menkaure.Also, a large funerary complex includes a museum with a sphinx and located inside an ancient boat.The Egyptian pyramids, regardless of size, are of great historical and cultural value.Interest in them is not extinguished today.
Pyramid of Menkaure Mycerinus
Pharaoh (2532-2503 BCE), as well as any ruler at the time, was to perpetuate his rule and build his tomb.His pyramid has a modest parameters compared to all located on the Giza Plateau.It was founded in the southwestern part of the Giza complex, at some distance from the tomb of Cheops and Chephren.Menkaure Tomb has the shape of a regular pyramid.Testimonies of the time argued that this pyramid was the most beautiful plateau in spite of its size.Locals call it "Heru" which in Arabic means "high".Pyramid of Menkaure, as it is called, -Update of the great pyramids.Later, their height was standard and did not exceed 20 meters.The tomb is surrounded by municipal buildings destroyed and three mini-pyramids.Presumably in small pyramids were buried the wife of Pharaoh.It is difficult to understand how exactly looked like a pyramid of Menkaure, as in the XVI century, it suffered greatly as a result of the attack on the Mamluks of Egypt.Another reason for the partial destruction of experts believe haste during the construction of the temple, as well as use in the construction of adobe.
Options tomb of Menkaure
distance from the tomb to the nearest pyramid of Khafre is 200 meters.It rises 62 meters and the length of one side is 109 meters.Pyramid of Menkaure is the correct form of a pyramid.It was originally a height of 66 meters, but the time and the desert took their toll.At the same time due to the fact that the pyramid was partially protected by sand drifts, preserved length of the sides and part of the outer lining at the bottom.As conceived by the designer pyramid must have had a basis size 60x60 meters.However, it was subsequently decided to significantly increase the area of the base.When building was used by the previous experience of the construction of the pyramids.Unlike fellow, the pyramid of Menkaure in the basement has an artificial terrace of limestone blocks.Usually, the tomb was erected on a rocky natural basis.
Exterior cladding substantially allocated pyramid Menkaure among others.Made it was such kinds of material:
- lower part is lined with red granite;
- in the middle of the limestone used Tours;
- top decorated with red granite.
Inside the tomb of Menkaure
dimensions of the burial chamber is also modest and correspond to the dimensions of the pyramid.Parameters: 6,5h2,35 meters and a height of three and a half meters.The ceiling of the main room is formed as poluarki and is composed of two adjacent blocks, it creates the illusion of the arch.For lining the interior walls of the mausoleum was used polished granite.They also lined the walls of the corridor and the original tomb.
in the room with the afterlife utensils staircase.The first pyramid was surveyed in 1837 by the expedition of British Colonel Howard Vance.The autopsy was found basalt sarcophagus with a wooden lid, and bones.The sarcophagus was sent to study in London.However, the ship caught in a storm and sank.The lid of the coffin, made in the form of the human body, archaeologists attributed to the period of early Christianity.Also, during the excavations it was found a vast collection of sculptures.The most valuable exhibits were on display at the Central Museum in Cairo and the Boston Museum of Art.
On the skill of designers and says a single block located inside the pyramid, which weighs about 200 tons.It is the heaviest monolithic block, which was brought to the Valley of the Pharaohs.Also in the main part of the temple was found a large statue of the king.
